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With the arrival of the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), several companies are making significant changes to their systems to achieve compliance. The changes range from modifying privacy policies to redesigning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Jayashree Mohan , Melissa Wasserman , Vijay Chidambaram

In Europe and indeed worldwide, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides protection to individuals regarding their personal data in the face of new technological developments. GDPR is widely viewed as the benchmark for data…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Damiano Torre , Mauricio Alferez , Ghanem Soltana , Mehrdad Sabetzadeh , Lionel Briand

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union is the most famous recently enacted privacy regulation. Despite of the regulation's legal, political, and technological ramifications, relatively little research has been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-30 Kalle Hjerppe , Jukka Ruohonen , Ville Leppänen

Policymakers worldwide draft privacy laws that require trading-off between safeguarding consumer privacy and preventing economic loss to companies that use consumer data. However, little empirical knowledge exists as to how privacy laws…

General Economics · Economics 2021-10-20 Julia Schmitt , Klaus M. Miller , Bernd Skiera

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is considered as the benchmark in the European Union (EU) for privacy and data protection standards. Since before its entry into force in 2018, substantial research has been conducted in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Orlando Amaral Cejas , Nicolas Sannier , Sallam Abualhaija , Marcello Ceci , Domenico Bianculli

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requires an organisation that suffers a data breach to notify the competent Data Protection Authority. The organisation must also inform the relevant individuals, when a data breach threatens…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius , Hadi Asghari , Noël Bangma , Jaap-Henk Hoepman

Since its implementation in May 2018, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has prompted businesses to revisit and revise their data handling practices to ensure compliance. The privacy policy, which serves as the primary means of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Lu Zhang , Nabil Moukafih , Hamad Alamri , Gregory Epiphaniou , Carsten Maple

This article examines the principles outlined in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the context of social network data. We provide both a practical guide to GDPR-compliant social network data processing, covering aspects such…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Andreas Kotsios , Matteo Magnani , Luca Rossi , Irina Shklovski , Davide Vega

The European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) calls for technical and organizational measures to support its implementation. Towards this end, the SPECIAL H2020 project aims to provide a set of tools that can be used by data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Piero A. Bonatti , Sabrina Kirrane , Iliana M. Petrova , Luigi Sauro

Many individuals are concerned about the governance of machine learning systems and the prevention of algorithmic harms. The EU's recent General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has been seen as a core tool for achieving better governance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Michael Veale , Reuben Binns , Lilian Edwards

In recent years, our society is being plagued by unprecedented levels of privacy and security breaches. To rein in this trend, the European Union, in 2018, introduced a comprehensive legislation called the General Data Protection Regulation…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Supreeth Shastri , Melissa Wasserman , Vijay Chidambaram

Modern software has been an integral part of everyday activities in many disciplines and application contexts. Introducing intelligent automation by leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) led to break-throughs in many fields. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Sallam Abualhaija , Marcello Ceci , Lionel Briand

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) becomes a standard law for data protection in many countries. Currently, twelve countries adopt the regulation and establish their GDPR-like regulation. However, to evaluate the differences and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Kornraphop Kawintiranon , Yaguang Liu

The recently introduced General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is forcing several companies to make significant changes to their systems to achieve compliance. Motivated by the finding that more than 30% of GDPR articles are related to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Aashaka Shah , Vinay Banakar , Supreeth Shastri , Melissa Wasserman , Vijay Chidambaram

Data-driven applications and services have been increasingly deployed in all aspects of life including healthcare and medical services in which a huge amount of personal data is collected, aggregated, and processed in a centralised server…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Naila Azam , Anna Lito Michala , Shuja Ansari , Nguyen Truong

Personal data has emerged as a highly valuable yet sensitive asset that drives business decisions, enables targeted advertising, and generates substantial revenue for companies, while simultaneously facilitating invasive monitoring of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Shantanu Sharma , Ethan Myers , Lorenzo De Carli , Ritwik Banerjee , Indrakshi Ray

The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is one of the most demanding and comprehensive privacy regulations of all time. A year after it went into effect, we study its impact on the landscape of privacy policies online. We conduct…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Thomas Linden , Rishabh Khandelwal , Hamza Harkous , Kassem Fawaz

Based on Article 35 of the EU (European Union) General Data Protection Regulation, a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) is necessary whenever there is a possibility of a high privacy and data protection risk to individuals caused by a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Fatemeh Zarrabi , Isabel Wagner , Eerke Boiten

After one year since the entry into force of the GDPR, all web sites and data controllers have updated their procedures to store users' data. The GDPR does not only cover how and what data should be saved by the service providers, but it…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Luca Bufalieri , Massimo La Morgia , Alessandro Mei , Julinda Stefa

The European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) grants European users the right to access their data processed and stored by organizations. Although the GDPR contains requirements for data processing organizations (e.g.,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Daniela Pöhn , Nils Gruschka