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The large scale structure of a brown dwarf atmosphere is determined by an interplay of convection, radiation, dust formation, and gravitational settling, which possibly provides an explanation for the observed variability. The result is an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ch. Helling , P. Woitke

We have investigated the possible evolutional history of the water ocean on Venus, adopting the one dimensional radiative-convective model,including the parameters as albedo and relative humidity. Under this model, it has the possibility…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-28 Tetsuya Hara , Anna Suzuki

The $24^{\circ}$ N jet borders the North Tropical Belt and North Tropical Zone, and is the fastest prograde jet on Jupiter, reaching speeds above $170$ m/s. In this region, observations have shown several periodic convective plumes, likely…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-22 Ramanakumar Sankar , Chloe Klare , Csaba Palotai

Clouds play a central role in climate physics by interacting with precipitation, radiation, and circulation. Despite being a fundamental issue in convective organization, the self-aggregation of clouds lacks a theoretical explanation due to…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Tomoro Yanase , Shin-ichiro Shima , Seiya Nishizawa , Hirofumi Tomita

Ground-based and spacecraft telescopic observations, combined with an intensive modeling effort, have greatly enhanced our understanding of hot giant planets and brown dwarfs over the past ten years. Although these objects are all fluid,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-09 Adam P. Showman , Xianyu Tan , Vivien Parmentier

Heterogeneous clouds or temperature perturbations in rotating brown dwarfs produce variability in the observed flux. We report time-resolved simultaneous observations of the variable T6.5 brown dwarf 2MASSJ22282889-431026 over the…

By 2D hydrodynamic simulations including a detailed equation of state and neutrino transport, we investigate the interplay between different non-radial hydrodynamic instabilities that play a role during the postbounce accretion phase of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 L. Scheck , H. -Th. Janka , T. Foglizzo , K. Kifonidis

Non-linear behavior in interstellar chemical models has been recognized for 25 years now. Different mechanisms account for the possibility of multiple fixed-points at steady state, characterized by the ionization degree of the gas. Chemical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-11-11 Evelyne Roueff , Jacques Le Bourlot

Measurements of photometric variability at different wavelengths provide insights into the vertical cloud structure of brown dwarfs and planetary-mass objects. In seven Hubble Space Telescope consecutive orbits, spanning $\sim$10 h of…

We present the detection and characterisation of mesoscale waves on the lower clouds of Venus using images from the Visible Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer onboard the European Venus Express space mission and from the 2 $\mu$m camera…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-19 J. E. Silva , P. Machado , J. Peralta , F. Brasil , S. Lebonnois , M. Lefèvre

Near-term studies of Venus-like atmospheres with JWST promise to advance our knowledge of terrestrial planet evolution. However, the remote study of Venus in the Solar System and the ongoing efforts to characterize gaseous exoplanets both…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Jacob Lustig-Yaeger , Victoria S. Meadows , Andrew P. Lincowski

In this paper we present high-resolution hydrodynamical models of warm ionized clouds embedded in a superwind, and compare the OVI and soft X-ray properties to the existing observational data. These models include thermal conduction, which…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. Marcolini , D. K. Strickland , A. D'Ercole , T. M. Heckman , C. G. Hoopes

The vertical mixing in hot Jupiter atmospheres plays a critical role in the formation and spacial distribution of cloud particles in their atmospheres. This affects the observed spectra of a planet through cloud opacity, which can be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-13 Pascal A. Noti , Elspeth K. H. Lee

We suggest a model of rain scavenging of soluble gaseous pollutants in the atmosphere. It is shown that below-cloud gas scavenging is determined by non-stationary convective diffusion equation with the effective Peclet number. The obtained…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Tov Elperin , Andrew Fominykh , Boris Krasovitov , Alexander Vikhansky

The community commonly assumes that the Venusian atmosphere lacks organic (reduced) carbon. This is reflected in the literature, which now for almost a half a century does not mention organic carbon in connection with the Venus atmosphere.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-06 Jan Spacek

One of the striking features about Venus atmosphere is its temporal variability and dynamics, with a chaotic polar vortex, large-scale atmospheric waves, sheared features, and variable winds that depend on local time and possibly orographic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-05 A. Cardesin-Moinelo , G. Piccioni , A. Migliorini , D. Grassi , V. Cottini , D. Titov , R. Politi , F. Nuccilli , P. Drossart

The vertical velocity in convective clouds ($w_c$) mediates convective anvil development and global moisture transport, influencing Earth's energy budget, but has yet to be estimated globally over long periods due to the absence of…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Amel Derras-Chouk , Gregory Elsaesser , Zhengzhao Johnny Luo , Toshi Matsui , Andreas F. Prein , Jingbo Wu

Observations of water ice clouds and aerosols on Mars can provide important insights into the complexity of the water cycle. Recent observations have indicated an important link between dust activity and the water cycle, as intense dust…

Tropical convective clouds evolve over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, and this makes them difficult to simulate numerically. Here, we propose that their statistical properties can be derived within a simplified…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2019-01-09 Timothy J. Garrett , Ian B. Glenn , Steven K. Krueger

A variety of observational evidence demonstrates that brown dwarfs exhibit active atmospheric circulations. In this study we use a shallow-water model to investigate the global atmospheric dynamics in the stratified layer overlying the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Xi Zhang , Adam P. Showman
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