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Coupled mixed convective and stratified systems are common in natural flows. To study experimentally the associated dynamics, we use a singular property of water: its non-linear equation of state is characterised by a maximum density close…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-11-10 Pierre Léard , Benjamin Favier , Patrice Le Gal , Michael Le Bars

Few spacecraft have studied the dynamics of Venus' deep atmosphere, which is needed to understand the interactions between the surface and atmosphere. Recent global simulations suggest a strong effect of the diurnal cycle of surface winds…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-18 Maxence Lefèvre

Atmospheric tides can have a strong impact on the rotational dynamics of planets. They are of most importance for terrestrial planets located in the habitable zone of their host star, where their competition with solid tides is likely to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-28 Pierre Auclair-Desrotour , Jacques Laskar , Stéphane Mathis

Convection is ubiquitous in stellar and planetary interiors where it likely plays an integral role in the generation of magnetic fields. As the interiors of these objects remain hidden from direct observation, numerical models of convection…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-22 Brandon J. Lazard , Nicholas A. Featherstone , Jonathan M. Aurnou

The strength of Titan's methane cycle, as measured by precipitation and evaporation, is key to interpreting fluvial erosion and other indicators of the surface-atmosphere exchange of liquids. But the mechanisms behind the occurrence of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Jonathan L. Mitchell

We report Venus image observations around the two maximum elongations of the planet at June and October 2015. From these images we describe the global atmospheric dynamics and cloud morphology in the planet before the arrival of JAXA…

Observations of brown dwarfs and relatively isolated young extrasolar giant planets have provided unprecedented details to probe atmospheric dynamics in a new regime. Questions about mechanisms governing global circulation remain to be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-22 Xianyu Tan

Multiphase outflows, revealed by multi-wavelength observations, are crucial in redistributing gas and metals within and around galaxies. These outflows are often modelled theoretically using wind tunnel simulations of a cold ($\sim 10^4$ K)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-10 Alankar Dutta , Prateek Sharma , Max Gronke

The Venusian atmosphere is in a state of superrotation where prevailing westward winds move much faster than the planet's rotation. Venus is covered with thick clouds that extend from about 45 to 70 km altitude, but thermal radiation…

We present a new two-dimensional, bin-scheme microphysical model of cloud formation in the atmospheres of hot Jupiters that includes the effects of longitudinal gas and cloud transport. We predict cloud particle size distributions as a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-16 Diana Powell , Xi Zhang

Recent observations of convection in the jovian atmosphere have demonstrated that convection is strongly concentrated at specific locations on planet. For instance, observations of lightning show that the cyclonic features (e.g,. belts and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-26 Ramanakumar Sankar , Michael H Wong , Csaba Palotai , Shawn Brueshaber

We present an update of the open-source photochemical kinetics code VULCAN (Tsai et al. 2017; https://github.com/exoclime/VULCAN) to include C-H-N-O-S networks and photochemistry. Additional new features are advection transport,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-05 Shang-Min Tsai , Matej Malik , Daniel Kitzmann , James R. Lyons , Alexander Fateev , Elspeth Lee , Kevin Heng

Surface solar irradiance varies on scales as small as seconds or meters due to scattering and absorption by the atmosphere. Clouds are the main driver of this variability, but moisture structures in the atmospheric boundary layer and…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-04-08 Wouter Mol , Bert Heusinkveld , Mary Rose Mangan , Oscar Hartogensis , Menno Veerman , Chiel van Heerwaarden

Clouds are important features of the atmosphere, determining the energy budget by interacting with incoming solar radiation and outgoing thermal radiation, respectively. For pure ice clouds, the net effect of radiative effect is still…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Hannah Bergner , Peter Spichtinger

Recent observations of Jupiter have suggested the existence of global oscillatory modes at millihertz frequencies, yet the source mechanism responsible for driving these modes is still unknown. However, the energies necessary to produce…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-11 Ethan Dederick , Jason Jackiewicz , Tristan Guillot

Atmospheric tides can strongly affect the rotational dynamics of planets. In the family of Earth-like planets, such as Venus, this physical mechanism coupled with solid tides makes the angular velocity evolve over long timescales and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-19 Pierre Auclair-Desrotour , Jacques Laskar , Stéphane Mathis

Galactic winds are crucial to the cosmic cycle of matter, transporting material out of the dense regions of galaxies. Observations show the coexistence of different temperature phases in such winds, which is not easy to explain. We present…

Convection is an important phenomenon in the atmospheres of A-type and cooler stars. A description of convection in ATLAS models is presented, together with details of how it is specified in model calculations. The effects of changing the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Barry Smalley

Venus's past climate evolution is uncertain. General circulation model simulations permit a habitable climate as late as ~0.7 Ga, and there is suggestive-albeit inconclusive-evidence for previous liquid water from surface geomorphology and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-02 Joshua Krissansen-Totton , Jonathan J. Fortney , Francis Nimmo

Venus Express provided a long-term monitoring of Venus atmosphere. Several works focused on the dynamics of the upper cloud visible on the day-side in ultraviolet images sensitive to the 65-70 km altitude and in the lower cloud level (50 km…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-31 Ricardo Hueso , Javier Peralta , Itziar Garate-Lopez , Tatyana V. Bandos , Agustin Sanchez-Lavega