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To understand the training dynamics of neural networks (NNs), prior studies have considered the infinite-width mean-field (MF) limit of two-layer NN, establishing theoretical guarantees of its convergence under gradient flow training as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Zhengdao Chen , Eric Vanden-Eijnden , Joan Bruna

The purpose of this article is to develop a machinery to study the capacity of deep neural networks (DNNs) to approximate high-dimensional functions. In particular, we show that DNNs have the expressive power to overcome the curse of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Pierfrancesco Beneventano , Patrick Cheridito , Robin Graeber , Arnulf Jentzen , Benno Kuckuck

In this Master Thesis, we study the approximation capabilities of Neural Networks in the context of numerical resolution of elliptic PDEs and Approximation Theory. First of all, in Chapter 1, we introduce the mathematical definition of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-07 Gonzalo Romera

Feed-forward, fully-connected Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) or the so-called Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) are well-known universal approximators. However, their learning performance varies significantly depending on the function or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Serkan Kiranyaz , Turker Ince , Alexandros Iosifidis , Moncef Gabbouj

We describe how hierarchical concepts can be represented in three types of layered neural networks. The aim is to support recognition of the concepts when partial information about the concepts is presented, and also when some of the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Nancy A. Lynch

In the mean field regime, neural networks are appropriately scaled so that as the width tends to infinity, the learning dynamics tends to a nonlinear and nontrivial dynamical limit, known as the mean field limit. This lends a way to study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Huy Tuan Pham , Phan-Minh Nguyen

Radial basis function neural networks (\emph{RBFNN}) are {well-known} for their capability to approximate any continuous function on a closed bounded set with arbitrary precision given enough hidden neurons. In this paper, we introduce the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Murad Tukan , Samson Zhou , Alaa Maalouf , Daniela Rus , Vladimir Braverman , Dan Feldman

Recent results in nonparametric regression show that deep learning, i.e., neural network estimates with many hidden layers, are able to circumvent the so-called curse of dimensionality in case that suitable restrictions on the structure of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-30 Michael Kohler , Sophie Langer

We study the power of deep neural networks (DNNs) with sigmoid activation function. Recently, it was shown that DNNs approximate any $d$-dimensional, smooth function on a compact set with a rate of order $W^{-p/d}$, where $W$ is the number…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Sophie Langer

This paper proposes a deep-learning-based method for recovering a signed distance function (SDF) of a given hypersurface represented by an implicit level set function. Using the flexibility of constructing a neural network, we use an…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-16 Yesom Park , Chang hoon Song , Jooyoung Hahn , Myungjoo Kang

This paper studies the approximation capacity of neural networks with an arbitrary activation function and with norm constraint on the weights. Upper and lower bounds on the approximation error of these networks are computed for smooth…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Francesco Paolo Maiale , Anastasiia Trofimova , Arturo De Marinis

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to neural learning: the Feature-Imitating-Network (FIN). A FIN is a neural network with weights that are initialized to reliably approximate one or more closed-form statistical features, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Sari Saba-Sadiya , Tuka Alhanai , Mohammad M Ghassemi

A fundamental aspect of limitations in learning any computation in neural architectures is characterizing their optimal capacities. An important, widely-used neural architecture is known as autoencoders where the network reconstructs the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-05-23 Alireza Alemi , Alia Abbara

We study the approximation of two-layer compositions $f(x) = g(\phi(x))$ via deep networks with ReLU activation, where $\phi$ is a geometrically intuitive, dimensionality reducing feature map. We focus on two intuitive and practically…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-27 Alexander Cloninger , Timo Klock

We analyze a simple one-hidden-layer neural network with ReLU activation functions and fixed biases, with one-dimensional input and output. We study both continuous and discrete versions of the model, and we rigorously prove the convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Fabricio Macià , Shu Nakamura

We study the approximation by tensor networks (TNs) of functions from classical smoothness classes. The considered approximation tool combines a tensorization of functions in $L^p([0,1))$, which allows to identify a univariate function with…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-26 Mazen Ali , Anthony Nouy

Any continuous function $f^*$ can be approximated arbitrarily well by a neural network with sufficiently many neurons $k$. We consider the case when $f^*$ itself is a neural network with one hidden layer and $k$ neurons. Approximating $f^*$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Berfin Şimşek , Amire Bendjeddou , Wulfram Gerstner , Johanni Brea

We study approximation limits of single-hidden-layer neural networks with analytic activation functions under global coefficient constraints. Under uniform $\ell^1$ bounds, or more generally sub-exponential growth of the coefficients, we…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-01-09 Jean-Gabriel Attali

In this paper we present a class of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) called non-overlapping CNNs in the study of approximation capabilities of CNNs. We prove that such networks with sigmoidal activation function are capable of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Weike Chang

This paper presents an algorithm for searching for the minimum number of neurons in fully connected layers of an arbitrary network solving given problem, which does not require multiple training of the network with different number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Oleg I. Berngardt