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We study the local structure of the extremal process associated with the Discrete Gaussian Free Field (DGFF) in scaled-up (square-)lattice versions of bounded open planar domains subject to mild regularity conditions on the boundary. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-06 Marek Biskup , Oren Louidor

We consider the discrete Gaussian Free Field (DGFF) in scaled-up (square-lattice) versions of suitably regular continuum domains $D\subset\mathbb C$ and describe the scaling limit, including local structure, of the level sets at heights…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-06 Marek Biskup , Oren Louidor

We study the extremal process associated with the Discrete Gaussian Free Field on the square lattice and elucidate how the conformal symmetries manifest themselves in the scaling limit. Specifically, we prove that the joint process of…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-06 Marek Biskup , Oren Louidor

We consider the discrete Gaussian Free Field in a square box in $\mathbb Z^2$ of side length $N$ with zero boundary conditions and study the joint law of its properly-centered extreme values ($h$) and their scaled spatial positions ($x$) in…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-06-24 Marek Biskup , Oren Louidor

We consider both the infinite-volume discrete Gaussian Free Field (DGFF) and the DGFF with zero boundary conditions outside a finite box in dimension larger or equal to 3. We show that the associated extremal process converges to a Poisson…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-05-21 Alberto Chiarini , Alessandra Cipriani , Rajat Subhra Hazra

We study the extreme value statistics of the zero-average Gaussian free field (GFF) on random $r$-regular graphs and the Gaussian free field on $r$-regular trees. For random $r$-regular graphs of diverging size, for every fixed $r\ge3$, we…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-19 Lisa Hartung , Andreas Klippel , Christian Mönch

These lecture notes offer a gentle introduction to the two-dimensional Discrete Gaussian Free Field with particular attention paid to the scaling limits of the level sets at heights proportional to the absolute maximum. The bulk of the text…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-06 Marek Biskup

We consider in this paper the collection of near maxima of the discrete, two dimensional Gaussian free field in a box with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We provide a rough description of the geometry of the set of near maxima, estimates on…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-04-09 Jian Ding , Ofer Zeitouni

Many low temperature disordered systems are expected to exhibit Poisson-Dirichlet (PD) statistics. In this paper, we focus on the case when the underlying disorder is a logarithmically correlated Gaussian process $\phi_N$ on the box…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-02-15 Shirshendu Ganguly , Kyeongsik Nam

We show that the rescaled maximum of the discrete Gaussian Free Field (DGFF) in dimension larger or equal to 3 is in the maximal domain of attraction of the Gumbel distribution. The result holds both for the infinite-volume field as well as…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-04-05 Alberto Chiarini , Alessandra Cipriani , Rajat Subhra Hazra

We study the extremal properties of the "integer-valued Gaussian" a.k.a.\ DG-model on the hierarchical lattice $\Lambda_n:=\{1,\dots,b\}^n$ (with $b\ge2$) of depth $n$. This is a random field $\varphi\in\mathbb Z^{\Lambda_n}$ with law…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-11-22 Marek Biskup , Haiyu Huang

In this paper, we study a random field constructed from the two-dimensional Gaussian free field (GFF) by modifying the variance along the scales in the neighborhood of each point. The construction can be seen as a local martingale transform…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-05-25 Louis-Pierre Arguin , Frédéric Ouimet

We consider the maximum of the discrete two dimensional Gaussian free field (GFF) in a box, and prove that its maximum, centered at its mean, is tight, settling a long-standing conjecture. The proof combines a recent observation of…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-09-20 Maury Bramson , Ofer Zeitouni

We consider the Gaussian free field on the torus whose covariance kernel is given by the zero-average Green's function. We show that for dimension $d\ge 3$, the extremal point process associated with this field converges weakly to a Poisson…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-05-31 Sayan Das , Rajat Subhra Hazra

We study minima statistics of the 2d Gaussian Free Field on circles in the unit disk with Dirichlet boundary condition. Free energy distributions of the associated Random Energy models are exactly calculated in the high temperature phase,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-12-15 Xiangyu Cao , Alberto Rosso , Raoul Santachiara

Consider the $(2+1)$D Discrete Gaussian (ZGFF, integer-valued Gaussian free field) model in an $L\times L$ box above a hard floor. Bricmont, El-Mellouki and Fr\"ohlich (1986) established that, at low enough temperature, this random surface…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-05 Joseph Chen , Eyal Lubetzky

The d-dimensional Gaussian free field (GFF), also called the (Euclidean bosonic) massless free field, is a d-dimensional-time analog of Brownian motion. Just as Brownian motion is the limit of the simple random walk (when time and space are…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Scott Sheffield

We investigate the extremal process of four-dimensional membrane models as the size of the lattice $N$ tends to infinity. We prove the cluster-like geometry of the extreme points and the existence as well as the uniqueness of the extremal…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Hao Ge , Xinyi Li , Jiaxi Zhao

Let $h$ be a log-correlated Gaussian field on $\R^d$, let $\gamma \in (0,\sqrt{2d}),$ let $\mu_h$ be the $\gamma$-Gaussian multiplicative chaos measure, and let $D_h$ be an exponential metric associated with $h$ satisfying certain natural…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-18 Andres A. Contreras Hip , Ewain Gwynne

We study percolation of two-sided level sets for the discrete Gaussian free field (DGFF) in 2D. For a DGFF $\varphi$ defined in a box $B_N$ with side length $N$, for $C$ large enough, there exist low crossings in the set of vertices $z$…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Yifan Gao , Pierre Nolin , Wei Qian
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