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As industry moves toward chiplet-based designs, the insertion of hardware Trojans poses a significant threat to the security of these systems. These systems rely heavily on cache coherence for coherent data communication, making coherence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Gino A. Chacon , Charles Williams , Johann Knechtel , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Paul V. Gratz

Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components are often preferred over custom Integrated Circuits (ICs) to achieve reduced system development time and cost, easy adoption of new technologies, and replaceability. Unfortunately, the integration…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Tanvir Hossain , Matthew Showers , Mahmudul Hasan , Tamzidul Hoque

Semiconductor supply chain is increasingly getting exposed to variety of security attacks such as Trojan insertion, cloning, counterfeiting, reverse engineering (RE) and piracy of Intellectual Property (IP) due to involvement of untrusted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-09 Jae-Won Jang , Swaroop Ghosh

The semiconductor industry is fully globalized and integrated circuits (ICs) are commonly defined, designed and fabricated in different premises across the world. This reduces production costs, but also exposes ICs to supply chain attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-31 Vasilios Mavroudis , Andrea Cerulli , Petr Svenda , Dan Cvrcek , Dusan Klinec , George Danezis

The transistors used to construct Integrated Circuits (ICs) continue to shrink. While this shrinkage improves performance and density, it also reduces trust: the price to build leading-edge fabrication facilities has skyrocketed, forcing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Timothy Trippel , Kang G. Shin , Kevin B. Bush , Matthew Hicks

A potential vulnerability for integrated circuits (ICs) is the insertion of hardware trojans (HTs) during manufacturing. Understanding the practicability of such an attack can lead to appropriate measures for mitigating it. In this paper,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Alexander Hepp , Tiago Perez , Samuel Pagliarini , Georg Sigl

Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) hardware, such as microprocessors, are widely adopted in system design due to their ability to reduce development time and cost compared to custom solutions. However, supply chain entities involved in the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Mahmudul Hasan , Sudipta Paria , Swarup Bhunia , Tamzidul Hoque

Globalization in the semiconductor industry enables fabless design houses to reduce their costs, save time, and make use of newer technologies. However, the offshoring of Integrated Circuit (IC) fabrication has negative sides, including…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Mohammad Eslami , Tara Ghasempouri , Samuel Pagliarini

Industry adoption of chiplets has been growing as chiplets are a cost-effective option for making large, high-performance systems. Consequently, partitioning large systems into chiplets is increasingly important. In this work, we introduce…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Alexander Graening , Puneet Gupta , Andrew B. Kahng , Bodhisatta Pramanik , Zhiang Wang

The threat of inserting hardware Trojans during the design, production, or in-field poses a danger for integrated circuits in real-world applications. A particular critical case of hardware Trojans is the malicious manipulation of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Maik Ender , Pawel Swierczynski , Sebastian Wallat , Matthias Wilhelm , Paul Martin Knopp , Christof Paar

Chiplet-based systems are rapidly gaining traction in the market. Two packaging options for such systems are the established organic substrates and the emerging glass substrates. These substrates are used to implement the inter-chiplet…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Patrick Iff , Maciej Besta , Torsten Hoefler

Reliability has emerged as a key topic of interest for researchers around the world to detect and/or mitigate the side effects of decreasing transistor sizes, such as soft errors. Traditional solutions, like DMR and TMR, incur significant…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Bharath Srinivas Prabakaran , Mihika Dave , Florian Kriebel , Semeen Rehman , Muhammad Shafique

Due to cost benefits, supply chains of integrated circuits (ICs) are largely outsourced nowadays. However, passing ICs through various third-party providers gives rise to many security threats, like piracy of IC intellectual property or…

Hardware Trojan detection and protection is becoming more crucial as more untrusted third parties manufacture many parts of critical systems nowadays. The most common way to detect hardware Trojans is comparing the untrusted design with a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-06 Amr Alanwar , Mona A. Aboelnaga , Yousra Alkabani , M. Watheq El-Kharashi , Hassan Bedour

Many fabless semiconductor companies outsource their designs to third-party fabrication houses. As trustworthiness of chain after outsourcing including fabrication houses is not established, any adversary in between, with malicious intent…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Ramakrishna Vaikuntapu , Vineet Sahula , Lava Bhargava

Consumer and defense systems demanded design and manufacturing of electronics with increased performance, compared to their predecessors. As such systems became ubiquitous in a plethora of domains, their application surface increased, thus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Abhijitt Dhavlle

The paper describes the design and hardware implementation of 32-bit encrypted MIPS processor based on MIPS pipeline architecture. The organization of pipeline stages in such a way that pipeline can be clocked at high frequency. Encryption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-10 Kirat Pal Singh , Dilip Kumar

The increasing cost of integrated circuit (IC) fabrication has driven most companies to "go fabless" over time. The corresponding outsourcing trend gave rise to various attack vectors, e.g., illegal overproduction of ICs, piracy of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Johann Knechtel , Satwik Patnaik , Ozgur Sinanoglu

In the wake of dwindling Moore's Law, to address the rapidly increasing complexity and cost of fabricating large-scale, monolithic systems-on-chip (SoCs), the industry has adopted dis-aggregation as a solution, wherein a large monolithic…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Venkata Sai Praneeth Karempudi , Janibul Bashir , Ishan G Thakkar

Modern system-in-package (SiP) platforms increasingly adopt reconfigurable interposers to enable plug-and-play chiplet integration across heterogeneous multi-vendor ecosystems. However, this flexibility introduces severe trust challenges,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Ishraq Tashdid , Tasnuva Farheen , Sazadur Rahman