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Nonthermal velocity distributions with much greater tails than the Maxwellian have been observed for radical atoms in plasmas for a long time. Historically, such velocity distributions have been modeled by a two-temperature Maxwell…

Charge separation effects in the expansion of magnetized relativistic electron-ion plasmas into a vacuum are examined using 2-1/2-dimensional particle-in-cell plasma simulations. The electrostatic field at the plasma surface decelerates…

The optimal parameters for nuclear excitation by electron capture in plasma environments generated by the interaction of ultra-strong optical lasers with solid matter are investigated theoretically. As a case study we consider a 4.85 keV…

Recent experimental and theoretical results have demonstrated the possibility of accelerating electrons in the MeV range by focusing tightly a few-cycle laser beam in ambient air. Using Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations, this configuration…

We consider the bremsstrahlung of electrons of fully ionized plasma. Electron energy range extends from a few hundred electron volts before the extreme relativistic energies of several MeV. The results of calculations of effective slow-down…

The growing interest in atomic structures of moderately-stripped alkali-like ions in diagnostic study and modeling of astrophysical and laboratory plasma makes an accurate many-body study of atomic properties inevitable. This work presents…

Solar flares release magnetic energy through reconnection, accelerating electrons into nonthermal velocity distributions, including crescent-shaped electron populations. These energetic electron distributions are crucial in driving…

Controlled fusion with advanced fuels requires average electron and ion energies above 100 keV (equivalent to 1.1 billion K) in a dense plasma. We have met this requirement and demonstrated electron and ion energies over 100 keV in a…

A Computationally Assisted Spectroscopic Technique to measure secondary electron emission coefficients ($\gamma$-CAST) in capacitively-coupled radio-frequency plasmas is proposed. This non-intrusive, sensitive diagnostic is based on a…

The effect of driving frequency in the range of 13.56 MHz to 73 MHz on electron energy distribution and electron heating modes in a 50 mTorr capacitively coupled argon plasma discharge is studied using 1D-3V particle-in-cell simulations.…

One of the defining characteristics of a solar flare is the impulsive formation of very high temperature plasma. The properties of the thermal emission are not well understood, however, and the analysis of solar flare observations is often…

Charge state distributions of various projectile ions passing through thin carbon foils have been studied in the energy range of 0.7-3.0 MeV/u using x-ray spectroscopy. This technique is found to be appropriate to segregate the charge state…

Following recent work, we discuss waves in a warm ideal two-fluid plasma consisting of electrons and ions starting from a completely general, ideal two-fluid dispersion relation. The plasma is characterised by five variables: the electron…

Gas-phase microdroplets have recently demonstrated exceptional chemical properties via suspected mechanisms such as contact electrification and surface charge pinning, producing high surface electric fields. Here, microdroplets are injected…

By proposing an Ansatz for the pressure (measured in terms of the bag constant) of the hadronic gas in equilibrium, we have formulated a rather simple method which allows one to analytically investigate the bulk thermodynamic propertities…

Plasma accelerators utilize strong electric fields in plasma waves to accelerate charged particles, making them a compact alternative to radiofrequency technologies. Discharge capillaries are plasma sources used in plasma accelerator…

Motivated by the need to predict plasma density and temperature distributions created in the early stages of high-intensity laser-plasma interactions, we develop a fluid model of plasma expansion into vacuum that incorporates external…

The physical foundations of the dissipation of energy and the associated heating in weakly collisional plasmas are poorly understood. Here, we compare and contrast several measures that have been used to characterize energy dissipation and…

A new model for the electrical conductivity of dense plasmas with a mixture of ion species, containing no adjustable parameters, is presented. The model takes the temperature, mass density and relative abundances of the species as input. It…

In this minireview article, we examine the inconsistent results of thermal parameters derived from various models in high-energy collisions. Through a comprehensive literature review and based on the average transverse momentum or the…