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State-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs) are highly effective at tackling many real-world tasks. However, their wide adoption in mission-critical contexts is hampered by two major weaknesses - their susceptibility to adversarial attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Ofir Moshe , Gil Fidel , Ron Bitton , Asaf Shabtai

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are highly effective on a variety of graph-related tasks; however, they lack interpretability and transparency. Current explainability approaches are typically local and treat GNNs as black-boxes. They do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Han Xuanyuan , Pietro Barbiero , Dobrik Georgiev , Lucie Charlotte Magister , Pietro Lió

Theoretical understanding of deep learning is one of the most important tasks facing the statistics and machine learning communities. While deep neural networks (DNNs) originated as engineering methods and models of biological networks in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-04 Adam S. Charles

The proliferation of deep neural networks in various domains has seen an increased need for interpretability of these models. Preliminary work done along this line and papers that surveyed such, are focused on high-level representation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Hassan Sajjad , Nadir Durrani , Fahim Dalvi

In an ever expanding set of research and application areas, deep neural networks (DNNs) set the bar for algorithm performance. However, depending upon additional constraints such as processing power and execution time limits, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Nathan Dahlin , Krishna Chaitanya Kalagarla , Nikhil Naik , Rahul Jain , Pierluigi Nuzzo

Attribution explanation is a typical approach for explaining deep neural networks (DNNs), inferring an importance or contribution score for each input variable to the final output. In recent years, numerous attribution methods have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Huiqi Deng , Hongbin Pei , Quanshi Zhang , Mengnan Du

Interpretability research often adopts a neuron-centric lens, treating individual neurons as the fundamental units of explanation. However, neuron-level explanations can be undermined by superposition, where single units respond to mixtures…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Julien Colin , Lore Goetschalckx , Thomas Fel , Victor Boutin , Thomas Serre , Nuria Oliver

Neuron Interpretation has gained traction in the field of interpretability, and have provided fine-grained insights into what a model learns and how language knowledge is distributed amongst its different components. However, the lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Yimin Fan , Fahim Dalvi , Nadir Durrani , Hassan Sajjad

With the rise of deep neural networks, the challenge of explaining the predictions of these networks has become increasingly recognized. While many methods for explaining the decisions of deep neural networks exist, there is currently no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Ian E. Nielsen , Dimah Dera , Ghulam Rasool , Nidhal Bouaynaya , Ravi P. Ramachandran

Despite the recent progress in deep neural networks (DNNs), it remains challenging to explain the predictions made by DNNs. Existing explanation methods for DNNs mainly focus on post-hoc explanations where another explanatory model is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Wei Qian , Chenxu Zhao , Yangyi Li , Fenglong Ma , Chao Zhang , Mengdi Huai

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known as black-box models. In other words, it is difficult to interpret the internal state of the model. Improving the interpretability of DNNs is one of the hot research topics. However, at present, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Masanari Kimura , Masayuki Tanaka

Providing explanations for deep neural network (DNN) models is crucial for their use in security-sensitive domains. A plethora of interpretation models have been proposed to help users understand the inner workings of DNNs: how does a DNN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Xinyang Zhang , Ningfei Wang , Hua Shen , Shouling Ji , Xiapu Luo , Ting Wang

We formalize a novel modeling framework for achieving interpretability in deep learning, anchored in the principle of inference equivariance. While the direct verification of interpretability scales exponentially with the number of…

Concept-based interpretability methods aim to explain deep neural network model predictions using a predefined set of semantic concepts. These methods evaluate a trained model on a new, "probe" dataset and correlate model predictions with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Vikram V. Ramaswamy , Sunnie S. Y. Kim , Ruth Fong , Olga Russakovsky

Despite their impact on the society, deep neural networks are often regarded as black-box models due to their intricate structures and the absence of explanations for their decisions. This opacity poses a significant challenge to AI systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Biagio La Rosa

The currently dominating artificial intelligence and machine learning technology, neural networks, builds on inductive statistical learning. Neural networks of today are information processing systems void of understanding and reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Lars Holmberg

As the use of deep learning techniques has grown across various fields over the past decade, complaints about the opaqueness of the black-box models have increased, resulting in an increased focus on transparency in deep learning models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Siwen Luo , Hamish Ivison , Caren Han , Josiah Poon

As deep neural networks (DNNs) get adopted in an ever-increasing number of applications, explainability has emerged as a crucial desideratum for these models. In many real-world tasks, one of the principal reasons for requiring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Vedant Nanda , Till Speicher , John P. Dickerson , Krishna P. Gummadi , Muhammad Bilal Zafar

Being able to interpret, or explain, the predictions made by a machine learning model is of fundamental importance. This is especially true when there is interest in deploying data-driven models to make high-stakes decisions, e.g. in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 An-phi Nguyen , María Rodríguez Martínez

Interpretability methods are valuable only if their explanations faithfully describe the explained model. In this work, we consider neural networks whose predictions are invariant under a specific symmetry group. This includes popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Jonathan Crabbé , Mihaela van der Schaar