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Transfer attacks optimize on a surrogate and deploy to a black-box target. While iterative optimization attacks in this paradigm are limited by their per-input cost limits efficiency and scalability due to multistep gradient updates for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Jongoh Jeong , Hunmin Yang , Jaeseok Jeong , Kuk-Jin Yoon

Object detection has been widely used in many safety-critical tasks, such as autonomous driving. However, its vulnerability to adversarial examples has not been sufficiently studied, especially under the practical scenario of black-box…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Siyuan Liang , Baoyuan Wu , Yanbo Fan , Xingxing Wei , Xiaochun Cao

Vision-language-action (VLA) models enable robots to follow natural-language instructions grounded in visual observations, but the instruction channel also introduces a critical vulnerability: small textual perturbations can alter…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Xiyang Wu , Guangyao Shi , Qingzi Wang , Zongxia Li , Amrit Singh Bedi , Dinesh Manocha

A hard challenge in developing practical face recognition (FR) attacks is due to the black-box nature of the target FR model, i.e., inaccessible gradient and parameter information to attackers. While recent research took an important step…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Zexin Li , Bangjie Yin , Taiping Yao , Juefeng Guo , Shouhong Ding , Simin Chen , Cong Liu

Adversarial examples have revealed the vulnerability of deep learning models and raised serious concerns about information security. The transfer-based attack is a hot topic in black-box attacks that are practical to real-world scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jian-Wei Li , Wen-Ze Shao

Query-based black-box attacks have emerged as a significant threat to machine learning systems, where adversaries can manipulate the input queries to generate adversarial examples that can cause misclassification of the model. To counter…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Shaofei Li , Ziqi Zhang , Haomin Jia , Ding Li , Yao Guo , Xiangqun Chen

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are acknowledged as vulnerable to adversarial attacks, while the existing black-box attacks require extensive queries on the victim DNN to achieve high success rates. For query-efficiency, surrogate models of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Sizhe Chen , Zhehao Huang , Qinghua Tao , Xiaolin Huang

Recommender Systems~(RS) have been shown to be vulnerable to injective attacks, where attackers inject limited fake user profiles to promote the exposure of target items to real users for unethical gains (e.g., economic or political…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Junsong Xie , Yonghui Yang , Pengyang Shao , Le Wu

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples that mislead the models with imperceptible perturbations. Though adversarial attacks have achieved incredible success rates in the white-box setting, most existing adversaries…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Xiaosen Wang , Kun He

In this work we propose Energy Attack, a transfer-based black-box $L_\infty$-adversarial attack. The attack is parameter-free and does not require gradient approximation. In particular, we first obtain white-box adversarial perturbations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Ruoxi Shi , Borui Yang , Yangzhou Jiang , Chenglong Zhao , Bingbing Ni

Adversarial examples (AE) with good transferability enable practical black-box attacks on diverse target models, where insider knowledge about the target models is not required. Previous methods often generate AE with no or very limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Tao Wu , Tie Luo , Donald C. Wunsch

Although deep-learning based video recognition models have achieved remarkable success, they are vulnerable to adversarial examples that are generated by adding human-imperceptible perturbations on clean video samples. As indicated in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Zhipeng Wei , Jingjing Chen , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Transfer-based attacks pose a significant threat to real-world applications by directly targeting victim models with adversarial examples generated on surrogate models. While numerous approaches have been proposed to enhance adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Bohan Liu , Xiaosen Wang

Adversarial attack reveals the vulnerability of deep learning models. It is assumed that high curvature may give rise to rough decision boundary and thus result in less robust models. However, the most commonly used \textit{curvature} is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Peiran Sun

The vulnerability of deep neural networks to adversarial examples has drawn tremendous attention from the community. Three approaches, optimizing standard objective functions, exploiting attention maps, and smoothing decision surfaces, are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Yi Huang , Adams Wai-Kin Kong

Black-box adversarial attack on vision-language pre-trained models is a practical and challenging task, as text and image perturbations need to be considered simultaneously, and only the predicted results are accessible. Research on this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Han Liu , Jiaqi Li , Zhi Xu , Xiaotong Zhang , Xiaoming Xu , Fenglong Ma , Yuanman Li , Hong Yu

It is significant to evaluate the security of existing digital image tampering localization algorithms in real-world applications. In this paper, we propose an adversarial attack scheme to reveal the reliability of such tampering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Yuqi Wang , Gang Cao , Zijie Lou , Haochen Zhu

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, posing a threat to the models' applications and raising security concerns. An intriguing property of adversarial examples is their strong transferability. Several methods have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Shuo Zhang , Ziruo Wang , Zikai Zhou , Huanran Chen

The ability to transfer adversarial attacks from one model (the surrogate) to another model (the victim) has been an issue of concern within the machine learning (ML) community. The ability to successfully evade unseen models represents an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Luke E. Richards , André Nguyen , Ryan Capps , Steven Forsythe , Cynthia Matuszek , Edward Raff

Adversarial attacks based on randomized search schemes have obtained state-of-the-art results in black-box robustness evaluation recently. However, as we demonstrate in this work, their efficiency in different query budget regimes depends…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Maksym Yatsura , Jan Hendrik Metzen , Matthias Hein