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Exploiting the tension between the two dynamics of quantum theory (QT) in the Wigner's Friend thought experiment, we point out that the standard QT leads to inconsistency in observed probabilities of measurement outcomes between two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Shubhayan Sarkar , Debashis Saha

Quantum Measure Theory (QMT) is an approach to quantum mechanics, based on the path integral, in which quantum theory is conceived of as a generalised stochastic process. One of the postulates of QMT is that events with zero quantum measure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-20 Fay Dowker , Vojtěch Havlíček , Cyprian Lewandowski , Henry Wilkes

Until recently, a quantum instrument was defined to be a completely positive operation-valued measure from the set of states on a Hilbert space to itself. In the last few years, this definition has been generalized to such measures between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-08 Stanley Gudder

We develop a quantum version of the probability estimation framework [arXiv:1709.06159] for randomness generation with quantum side information. We show that most of the properties of probability estimation hold for quantum probability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-06 Emanuel Knill , Yanbao Zhang , Honghao Fu

We prove the expected disturbance caused to a quantum system by a sequence of randomly ordered two-outcome projective measurements is upper bounded by the square root of the probability that at least one measurement in the sequence accepts.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-12 Adam Bene Watts , John Bostanci

Despite almost a century's worth of study, it is still unclear how general relativity (GR) and quantum theory (QT) should be unified into a consistent theory. The conventional approach is to retain the foundational principles of QT, such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-26 Richard Howl , Roger Penrose , Ivette Fuentes

Estimation of physical observables for unknown quantum states is an important problem that underlies a wide range of fields, including quantum information processing, quantum physics, and quantum chemistry. In the context of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-21 Yuma Nakamura , Yoshichika Yano , Nobuyuki Yoshioka

We show that a quantum state may be represented as the sum of a joint probability and a complex quantum modification term. The joint probability and the modification term can both be observed in successive projective measurements. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-11-21 Lars M. Johansen

Pusey, Barrett and Rudolph (PBR) have recently given a completely novel argument that restricts the class of possible models for quantum phenomena (arXiv:1111.3328). In these notes the assumptions used by PBR are considerably weakened, to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-29 Michael J. W. Hall

In the accompanying paper of arXiv:2505.00697, we have presented a generalized scheme of adaptive quantum gradient estimation (QGE) algorithm, and further proposed two practical variants which not only achieve doubly quantum enhancement in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-05 Yuki Koizumi , Kaito Wada , Wataru Mizukami , Nobuyuki Yoshioka

Observables and instruments have played significant roles in recent studies on the foundations of quantum mechanics. Sequential products of effects and conditioned observables have also been introduced. After an introduction in Section~1,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-19 Stan Gudder

The history based formalism known as Quantum Measure Theory (QMT) generalizes the concept of probability-measure so as to incorporate quantum interference. The resulting \textit{quantum measure} $\mu$ is defined for arbitrary events (sets…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Sanchari Chakraborti , Rafael D. Sorkin , Urbasi Sinha

This paper presents a Qualitative model for Reasoning about Object Rotations (QOR) which is applied to solve the Cube Comparison Test (CCT) by Ekstrom et al. (1976). A conceptual neighborhood graph relating the Rotation movement to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zoe Falomir

Ultimately, any explanation of quantum measurement must be extendable to relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM), since many precisely confirmed experimental results follow from quantum field theory (QFT), which is based on RQM. Certainly, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-08 Ed Seidewitz

We present a very general geometrico-dynamical description of physical or more abstract entities, called the 'general tension-reduction' (GTR) model, where not only states, but also measurement-interactions can be represented, and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-07 Diederik Aerts , Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi

The Wigner's friend type of thought experiments manifest the conceptual challenge on how different observers can have consistent descriptions of a quantum measurement event. In this paper, we analyze the extended version of Wigner's friend…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-12 Jianhao M. Yang

Within the past few years, we have witnessed the rising of quantum machine learning (QML) models which infer electronic properties of molecules and materials, rather than solving approximations to the electronic Schrodinger equation. The…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2018-07-17 Bing Huang , Nadine O. Symonds , O. Anatole von Lilienfeld

The formalism of covariant quantum theory, introduced by Reisenberger and Rovelli, casts the description of quantum states and evolution into a framework compatable with the principles of general relativity. The leap to this covariant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-13 S. Jay Olson , Jonathan P. Dowling

Defining and measuring the error of a measurement is one of the most fundamental activities in experimental science. However, quantum theory shows a peculiar difficulty in extending the classical notion of root-mean-square (rms) error to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-16 Masanao Ozawa

This paper provides the foundations of a unified cognitive decision-making framework (QulBIT) which is derived from quantum theory. The main advantage of this framework is that it can cater for paradoxical and irrational human decision…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Catarina Moreira , Matheus Hammes , Rasim Serdar Kurdoglu , Peter Bruza