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A quantum probability model is introduced and used to explain human probability judgment errors including the conjunction, disjunction, inverse, and conditional fallacies, as well as unpacking effects and partitioning effects. Quantum…

General Physics · Physics 2009-09-16 Jerome R. Busemeyer , Riccardo Franco , Emmanuel M. Pothos

We introduce a 'uniform tension-reduction' (UTR) model, which allows to represent the probabilities associated with an arbitrary measurement situation and use it to explain the emergence of quantum probabilities (the Born rule) as 'uniform'…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-17 Diederik Aerts , Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi

On noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, expectation values of many observables are obtained through sampling-based approximations to trace-like quantities. A central limitation of this approach is destructive cancellation under…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Myeongsu Kim , Manas Sajjan , Sabre Kais

Quantum phase estimation (QPE) is one of the core algorithms for quantum computing. It has been extensively studied and applied in a variety of quantum applications such as the Shor's factoring algorithm, quantum sampling algorithms and the…

Similar formalisms have been independently developed in psychology, to deal with the issue of selective influences (deciding which of several experimental manipulations selectively influences each of several, generally non-independent,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-14 Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov , Janne V. Kujala

We introduce a formulation of quantum theory (QT) as a general probabilistic theory but expressed via quasi-expectation operators (QEOs). This formulation provides a direct interpretation of density matrices as quasi-moment matrices. Using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-10 Alessio Benavoli , Alessandro Facchini , Marco Zaffalon

Human agents happen to judge that a conjunction of two terms is more probable than one of the terms, in contradiction with the rules of classical probabilities---this is the conjunction fallacy. One of the most discussed accounts of this…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-06-15 Thomas Boyer-Kassem , Sébastien Duchêne , Eric Guerci

As machine learning models grow increasingly competent, their predictions can supplement scarce or expensive data in various important domains. In support of this paradigm, algorithms have emerged to combine a small amount of high-fidelity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Zhun Deng , Thomas P Zollo , Benjamin Eyre , Amogh Inamdar , David Madras , Richard Zemel

In previous articles we presented a derivation of Born's rule and unitary transforms in Quantum Mechanics (QM), from a simple set of axioms built upon a physical phenomenology of quantization. Physically, the structure of QM results of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-04 Alexia Auffèves , Philippe Grangier

There are two major approaches to building good machine learning algorithms: feeding lots of data into large models, or picking a model class with an ''inductive bias'' that suits the structure of the data. When taking the second approach…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-08 Kaitlin Gili , Guillermo Alonso , Maria Schuld

Categorization is a significant task in decision-making, which is a key part of human behavior. An interference effect is caused by categorization in some cases, which breaks the total probability principle. A negation quantum model (NQ…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Qinyuan Wu , Yong Deng

We formulate and prove an Agreement Theorem for quantum mechanics (QM), describing when two agents, represented by separate laboratories, can or cannot maintain differing probability estimates of a shared quantum property of interest.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 María García Díaz , Adam Brandenburger , Giannicola Scarpa

The quantum Mpemba effect (QME) is a phenomenon observed in many-body systems where initial systems configurations farther from equilibrium can be observed to equilibrate faster than configurations that are closer to it. By considering…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Matthew Mackinnon , Mauro Paternostro

Coherence is an inherently quantum property that deeply affects microscopic processes, including thermalization phenomena. A striking example is the quantum Mpemba effect (QME), in which a system can exhibit anomalous relaxation,…

We demonstrate that the problem of amplitude estimation, a core subroutine used in many quantum algorithms, can be mapped directly to a problem in signal processing called direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. The DOA task is to determine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-12 Farrokh Labib , B. David Clader , Nikitas Stamatopoulos , William J. Zeng

It is well known, that the causal Schr\"odinger evolution of a quantum state is not compatible with the reduction postulate, even when decoherence is taken into account. The violation of the causal evolution, introduced by the standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rodolfo Gambini

Quantum reservoir computers (QRC) and quantum extreme learning machines (QELM) aim to efficiently post-process the outcome of fixed -- generally uncalibrated -- quantum devices to solve tasks such as the estimation of the properties of…

Quantum policy evaluation (QPE) is a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm which is quadratically more efficient than an analogous classical Monte Carlo estimation. It makes use of a direct quantum mechanical realization of a finite Markov…

The origin of non-classical correlations is difficult to identify since the uncertainty principle requires that information obtained about one observable invariably results in the disturbance of any other non-commuting observable. Here,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-01 Holger F. Hofmann

The quantum theory (QT) and new stochastic approaches have no deterministic prediction for a single measurement or for a single time -series of events observed for a trapped ion, electron or any other individual physical system. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-04 Marian Kupczynski