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The ringdown phase of a binary black-hole merger provides a clean probe of strong-field gravity, as it can be modeled with minimal assumptions. The quasi-normal-mode frequencies encode the mass and spin of the Kerr black-hole remnant, while…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-08 Chiara Anselmo , Costantino Pacilio , Davide Gerosa

As gravitational-wave (GW) observations of binary black holes are becoming a precision tool for physics and astronomy, several subdominant effects in the GW signals need to be accurately modeled. Previous studies have shown that neglecting…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-22 Ajit Kumar Mehta , Praveer Tiwari , Nathan K. Johnson-McDaniel , Chandra Kant Mishra , Vijay Varma , Parameswaran Ajith

We study Bayesian inference of black hole ringdown modes for simulated binary black hole signals. We consider to what extent different fundamental ringdown modes can be identified in the context of black hole spectroscopy. Our simulated…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-10 Jahed Abedi , Collin D. Capano , Shilpa Kastha , Alexander H. Nitz , Yi-Fan Wang , Julian Westerweck , Alex B. Nielsen , Badri Krishnan

We adapt a method of matching post-Newtonian and black-hole-perturbation theories on a timelike surface (which proved useful for understanding head-on black-hole-binary collisions) to treat equal-mass, inspiralling black-hole binaries. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-02-22 David A. Nichols , Yanbei Chen

The ringdown portion of a binary black hole merger consists of a sum of modes, each containing an infinite number of tones that are exponentially damped sinusoids. In principle, these can be measured as gravitational-waves with…

We use numerical relativity to study the merger and ringdown stages of "superkick" binary black hole systems (those with equal mass and anti-parallel spins). We find a universal way to describe the mass and current quadrupole gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-10-04 Sizheng Ma , Matthew Giesler , Vijay Varma , Mark A. Scheel , Yanbei Chen

Black hole spectroscopy is the proposal to observe multiple quasinormal modes in the ringdown of a binary black hole merger. In addition to the fundamental quadrupolar mode, overtones and higher harmonics may be present and detectable in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-14 Iara Ota , Cecilia Chirenti

The ringdown is the late part of the post-merger signature emitted during the coalescence of two black holes and comprises of a superposition of quasi-normal-modes. Within general relativity, because of the no-hair theorems, the frequencies…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-15 Swetha Bhagwat , Miriam Cabero , Collin D. Capano , Badri Krishnan , Duncan A. Brown

In this paper we describe a model for the $(\ell=2, m=0)$ spherical harmonic mode of the gravitational wave signal emitted by the coalescence of binary black holes, in particular, spin-aligned systems. This mode can be viewed as consisting…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-29 Maria Rosselló-Sastre , Sascha Husa , Sayantani Bera

Measurements of multiple harmonic modes in the gravitational wave signals from binary black hole events could provide an accurate test of general relativity, however they have never been observed before. The sub-dominant modes, other than…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-01-29 Brendan D. O'Brien , Carlos F. Da Silva Costa , Sergey Klimenko

The spectroscopic study of black hole quasinormal modes in gravitational-wave ringdown observations is hindered by our ignorance of which modes should dominate astrophysical signals for different binary configurations, limiting tests of…

It is now possible to theoretically calculate the gravitational-wave signal from the inspiral, merger and ringdown of a black-hole-binary system. The late inspiral, merger and ringdown can be calculated in full general relativity using…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-06-10 Mark Hannam

The relaxation of a distorted black hole to its final state provides important tests of general relativity within the reach of current and upcoming gravitational wave facilities. In black hole perturbation theory, this phase consists of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-03-07 Vishal Baibhav , Emanuele Berti , Vitor Cardoso , Gaurav Khanna

The ringdown phase of the binary black hole (BBH) merger provides a clean and direct probe of strong-field gravity and tests of the nature of black holes. The quasinormal mode (QNM) frequencies in modified gravity theories, as well as their…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-02 Zexin Hu , Daniela D. Doneva , Ziming Wang , Vasileios Paschalidis , Gabriele Bozzola , Stoytcho S. Yazadjiev , Lijing Shao

The modeling of gravitational wave ringdown has traditionally relied on linear perturbation theory, which mainly describes the late-time behavior of a perturbed black hole after a binary merger. However, the need for more accurate ringdown…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-03 Macarena Lagos

Black hole spectroscopy is an important pillar when studying gravitational waves from black holes and enables tests of general relativity. Most of the gravitational-wave signals observed over the last decade originate from binary black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-09 Oliver Steppohn , Sebastian H. Völkel , Tim Dietrich

The spins of binary black holes measured with gravitational waves provide insights about the formation, evolution, and dynamics of these systems. However, interpreting these measurements-especially for heavy black holes-remains an open…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-01 Karen Kang , Simona J. Miller , Katerina Chatziioannou , Deborah Ferguson

The inspiral and merger of black-hole binary systems are a promising source of gravitational waves. The most effective method to look for a signal with a well understood waveform, such as the binary black hole signal, is matched filtering…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-05-15 Larne Pekowsky , James Healy , Deirdre Shoemaker , Pablo Laguna

The waveforms from binary black hole mergers include inspiral, merger, and ringdown parts. Usually, the inspiral waveform can be obtained by calibrating from post-Newtonian approximation; The merger and ringdown ones can be gotten from the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-15 Song Li , Wen-Biao Han

Quadratic quasinormal modes encode fundamental properties of black hole spacetimes. They are also one of the key ingredients of nonlinearities of General Relativity in the ringdown stage of binary black hole coalescence. In this work, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-23 Neev Khera , Sizheng Ma , Huan Yang