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Measurement outcomes of a quantum state can be genuinely random (unpredictable) according to the basic laws of quantum mechanics. The Heisenberg-Robertson uncertainty relation puts constrains on the accuracy of two noncommuting observables.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-13 Xiao Yuan , Ge Bai , Tianyi Peng , Xiongfeng Ma

We introduce two uncertainty relations based on the state-dependent norm of commutators, utilizing generalizations of the B\"ottcher-Wenzel inequality. The first relation is mathematically proven, while the second, tighter relation is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-30 Aina Mayumi , Gen Kimura , Hiromichi Ohno , Dariusz Chruściński

Sharp uncertainty relations restricting the values of variances in the position space and in the momentum (wavevector) space are derived. They have the same form $\Delta r\Delta k\ge 5/2$ in the classical theory of light beams, in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Iwo Bialynicki-Birula , Zofia Bialynicka-Birula

We consider particles prepared by the von Neumann-L\"uders projection. For those particles the standard deviation of the momentum is discussed. We show that infinite standard deviations are not exceptions but rather typical. A necessary and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-29 Thomas Schürmann , Ingo Hoffmann

Uncertainty relations based on quantum coherence is an important problem in quantum information science. We discuss uncertainty relations for averaged unified ($\alpha$,$\beta$)-relative entropy of coherence under mutually unbiased…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Baolong Cheng , Zhaoqi Wu

The uncertainty relation and the probability interpretation of quantum mechanics are intrinsically connected, as is evidenced by the evaluation of standard deviations. It is thus natural to ask if one can associate a very small uncertainty…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Kazuo Fujikawa , Koichiro Umetsu

Traditional forms of quantum uncertainty relations are invariably based on the standard deviation. This can be understood in the historical context of simultaneous development of quantum theory and mathematical statistics. Here, we present…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-19 Gautam Sharma , Chiranjib Mukhopadhyay , Sk Sazim , Arun Kumar Pati

The uncertainty relation is a fundamental concept in quantum theory, plays a pivotal role in various quantum information processing tasks. In this study, we explore the additive uncertainty relation pertaining to two or more observables, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Lin Zhang , Dade Wu , Ming-Jing Zhao , Hua Nan

We investigate the product form uncertainty relations of variances for $n\,(n\geq 3)$ quantum observables. In particular, tight uncertainty relations satisfied by three observables has been derived, which is shown to be better than the ones…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-12 Hui-Hui Qin , Shao-Ming Fei , Xianqing Li-Jost

We formulate uncertainty relations for arbitrary finite number of incompatible observables. Based on the sum of variances of the observables, both Heisenberg-type and Schr\"{o}dinger-type uncertainty relations are provided. These new lower…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-23 Bin Chen , Ning-Ping Cao , Shao-Ming Fei , Gui-Lu Long

Uncertainty principle is one of the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. In this work, we derive two uncertainty equalities, which hold for all pairs of incompatible observables. We also obtain an uncertainty relation in weak…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-12 Qiu-Cheng Song , Cong-Feng Qiao

Measurement uncertainty relations are lower bounds on the errors of any approximate joint measurement of two or more quantum observables. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to compute optimal bounds of this type. The basic method…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-08 René Schwonnek , David Reeb , Reinhard F. Werner

Uncertainty relations are a distinctive characteristic of quantum theory that impose intrinsic limitations on the precision with which physical properties can be simultaneously determined. The modern work on uncertainty relations employs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-16 Shmuel Friedland , Vlad Gheorghiu , Gilad Gour

New uncertainty relations for n observables are established. The relations take the invariant form of inequalities between the characteristic coefficients of order r, r = 1,2,...,n, of the uncertainty matrix and the matrix of mean…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 D. A. Trifonov , S. G. Donev

The generalized uncertainty connection between the fluctuations of a quantum observable and its temporal derivative is derived in this study, we demonstrate that the product of an observable's uncertainties and its time derivative is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Tarek Yehia

We study uncertainty relations for pairs of conjugate variables like number and angle, of which one takes integer values and the other takes values on the unit circle. The translation symmetry of the problem in either variable implies that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-03 Paul Busch , Jukka Kiukas , Reinhard F. Werner

Uncertainty is a fundamental and important concept in quantum mechanics. In this work, using the technique in matrix theory, we propose an uncertainty relation of four observables and show that the uncertainty constant is tight. It is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-29 Minyi Huang

The uncertainty relation of three quantities in quantum mechanics is estimated in terms of commutators. The Pauli matrices are used to find a contribution of third-order commutators. The resulting inequality refines the Heisenberg…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-30 Sergei P. Efimov

The notions of error and disturbance appearing in quantum uncertainty relations are often quantified by the discrepancy of a physical quantity from its ideal value. However, these real and ideal values are not the outcomes of simultaneous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-26 Joseph M. Renes , Volkher B. Scholz , Stefan Huber

We prove a new sum uncertainty relation in quantum theory which states that the uncertainty in the sum of two or more observables is always less than or equal to the sum of the uncertainties in corresponding observables. This shows that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. K. Pati , P. K. Sahu