English

Uncertainty relations in classical and quantum theories of electromagnetism

Quantum Physics 2026-05-29 v1

Abstract

Sharp uncertainty relations restricting the values of variances in the position space and in the momentum (wavevector) space are derived. They have the same form ΔrΔk5/2\Delta r\Delta k\ge 5/2 in the classical theory of light beams, in the quantum theory of coherent light beams, and in the quantum theory of individual photons.

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Cite

@article{arxiv.2605.28906,
  title  = {Uncertainty relations in classical and quantum theories of electromagnetism},
  author = {Iwo Bialynicki-Birula and Zofia Bialynicka-Birula},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.28906},
  year   = {2026}
}