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In this work, we show a methodology aimed to improve the quality of the assessment process for subjects related to basic programming. The method takes into account the relevance of the items and the students answers to follow different…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-03-07 P. Molins-Ruano , C. González-Sacristán , F. Díez , P. Rodriguez , G. M. Sacha

Providing feedback on programming assignments manually is a tedious, error prone, and time-consuming task. In this paper, we motivate and address the problem of generating feedback on performance aspects in introductory programming…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2014-09-18 Sumit Gulwani , Ivan Radiček , Florian Zuleger

Manual grading of programming assignments in introductory computer science courses can be time-consuming and prone to inconsistencies. While unit testing is commonly used for automatic evaluation, it typically follows a binary pass/fail…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Ahmad Memon , Abdallah Mohamed

Online programming courses are becoming more and more popular, but they still have significant drawbacks when compared to the traditional education system, e.g., the lack of feedback. In this study, we apply machine learning methods to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Artyom Lobanov , Timofey Bryksin , Alexey Shpilman

Grading programming assignments is a labor-intensive and time-consuming process that demands careful evaluation across multiple dimensions of the code. To overcome these challenges, automated grading systems are leveraged to enhance…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Mohammad Akyash , Kimia Zamiri Azar , Hadi Mardani Kamali

Providing students with individualized feedback through assignments is a cornerstone of education that supports their learning and development. Studies have shown that timely, high-quality feedback plays a critical role in improving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Pavlin G. Poličar , Martin Špendl , Tomaž Curk , Blaž Zupan

In mathematical proof education, there remains a need for interventions that help students learn to write mathematical proofs. Research has shown that timely feedback can be very helpful to students learning new skills. While for many years…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Chenyan Zhao , Mariana Silva , Seth Poulsen

While rapid advances in large language models (LLMs) are reshaping data-driven intelligent education, accurately simulating students remains an important but challenging bottleneck for scalable educational data collection, evaluation, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Haoxuan Li , Jifan Yu , Xin Cong , Yang Dang , Daniel Zhang-li , Lu Mi , Yisi Zhan , Huiqin Liu , Zhiyuan Liu

Assessment of learning in higher education is a critical concern to policy makers, educators, parents, and students. And, doing so appropriately is likely to require including constructed response tests in the assessment system. We examined…

Applications · Statistics 2008-12-18 Stephen P. Klein

This study explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) as a complementary tool for grading essay-type questions in higher education, focusing on its consistency with human grading and potential to reduce biases. Using 70 handwritten…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Francisco Olivos , Tobias Kamelski , Sebastián Ascui-Gac

Students have enthusiastically taken to online programming lessons and contests. Unfortunately, they tend to struggle due to lack of personalized feedback when they make mistakes. The overwhelming number of submissions precludes manual…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-03-16 Shalini Kaleeswaran , Anirudh Santhiar , Aditya Kanade , Sumit Gulwani

This study investigates students' perceptions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) grading systems in an undergraduate computer science course (n = 27), focusing on a block-based programming final project. Guided by the ethical principles…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Bahare Riahi , Viktoriia Storozhevykh , Veronica Catete

The most common method to auto-grade a student's submission in a CS1 or a CS2 course is to run it against a pre-defined test suite and compare the results against reference results. However, this technique cannot be used if the correctness…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Aaryen Mehta , Gagan Aryan

Providing feedback, both assessing final work and giving hints to stuck students, is difficult for open-ended assignments in massive online classes which can range from thousands to millions of students. We introduce a neural network method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-05-25 Chris Piech , Jonathan Huang , Andy Nguyen , Mike Phulsuksombati , Mehran Sahami , Leonidas Guibas

Grading in large undergraduate STEM courses often yields minimal feedback due to heavy instructional workloads. We present a large-scale empirical study of AI grading on real, handwritten single-variable calculus work from UC Irvine. Using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhiqi Yu , Xingping Liu , Haobin Mao , Mingshuo Liu , Long Chen , Jack Xin , Yifeng Yu

We ran a study on engagement and achievement for a first year undergraduate programming module which used an online learning environment containing tasks which generate automated feedback. Students could also access human feedback from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Beate Grawemeyer , John Halloran , Matthew England , David Croft

Despite growing interest in using LLMs to generate feedback on students' writing, little is known about how students respond to AI-mediated versus human-provided feedback. We address this gap through a randomized controlled trial in a large…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xinyi Lu , Kexin Phyllis Ju , Mitchell Dudley , Larissa Sano , Xu Wang

Open-ended assignments - such as lab reports and semester-long projects - provide data science and statistics students with opportunities for developing communication, critical thinking, and creativity skills. However, providing grades and…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2025-01-15 Federica Zoe Ricci , Catalina Mari Medina , Mine Dogucu

Intelligent tutoring systems have long enabled automated immediate feedback on student work when it is presented in a tightly structured format and when problems are very constrained, but reliably assessing free-form mathematical reasoning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Aron Gohr , Marie-Amelie Lawn , Kevin Gao , Inigo Serjeant , Stephen Heslip

Automated feedback generation for introductory programming assignments is useful for programming education. Most works try to generate feedback to correct a student program by comparing its behavior with an instructor's reference program on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Umair Z. Ahmed , Zhiyu Fan , Jooyong Yi , Omar I. Al-Bataineh , Abhik Roychoudhury