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Recent state-of-the-art language models utilize a two-phase training procedure comprised of (i) unsupervised pre-training on unlabeled text, and (ii) fine-tuning for a specific supervised task. More recently, many studies have been focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Itzik Malkiel , Lior Wolf

Pre-trained multilingual language models such as mBERT have shown immense gains for several natural language processing (NLP) tasks, especially in the zero-shot cross-lingual setting. Most, if not all, of these pre-trained models rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Aditi Chaudhary , Karthik Raman , Krishna Srinivasan , Jiecao Chen

The extraction of multi-attribute objects from the deep web is the bridge between the unstructured web and structured data. Existing approaches either induce wrappers from a set of human-annotated pages or leverage repeated structures on…

Databases · Computer Science 2012-10-23 Tim Furche , Georg Gottlob , Giovanni Grasso , Giorgio Orsi , Christian Schallhart , Cheng Wang

The Arabic language is a morphologically rich language with relatively few resources and a less explored syntax compared to English. Given these limitations, Arabic Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks like Sentiment Analysis (SA), Named…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Wissam Antoun , Fady Baly , Hazem Hajj

In recent years, transformer models have achieved great success in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Most of the current state-of-the-art NLP results are achieved by using monolingual transformer models, where the model is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Abrhalei Tela , Abraham Woubie , Ville Hautamaki

A number of cross-lingual transfer learning approaches based on neural networks have been proposed for the case when large amounts of parallel text are at our disposal. However, in many real-world settings, the size of parallel annotated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-31 Zuohui Fu , Yikun Xian , Shijie Geng , Yingqiang Ge , Yuting Wang , Xin Dong , Guang Wang , Gerard de Melo

Previous multimodal sentence representation learning methods have achieved impressive performance. However, most approaches focus on aligning images and text at a coarse level, facing two critical challenges:cross-modal misalignment bias…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Kang He , Yuzhe Ding , Haining Wang , Fei Li , Chong Teng , Donghong Ji

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong general intelligence, yet their multilingual performance remains highly imbalanced. Although LLMs encode substantial cross-lingual knowledge in a unified semantic space, they often struggle to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Mengyu Bu , Yang Feng

In zero-shot cross-lingual transfer, a supervised NLP task trained on a corpus in one language is directly applicable to another language without any additional training. A source of cross-lingual transfer can be as straightforward as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Hyunjin Choi , Judong Kim , Seongho Joe , Seungjai Min , Youngjune Gwon

Cross-Lingual Semantic Parsing (CLSP) aims to translate queries in multiple natural languages (NLs) into meaning representations (MRs) such as SQL, lambda calculus, and logic forms. However, existing CLSP models are separately proposed and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Yusen Zhang , Jun Wang , Zhiguo Wang , Rui Zhang

Unsupervised pretraining models have been shown to facilitate a wide range of downstream NLP applications. These models, however, retain some of the limitations of traditional static word embeddings. In particular, they encode only the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Anne Lauscher , Ivan Vulić , Edoardo Maria Ponti , Anna Korhonen , Goran Glavaš

Cross-lingual transfer learning is an important property of multilingual large language models (LLMs). But how do LLMs represent relationships between languages? Every language model has an input layer that maps tokens to vectors. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Andrea W Wen-Yi , David Mimno

Transformer has demonstrated its great power to learn contextual word representations for multiple languages in a single model. To process multilingual sentences in the model, a learnable vector is usually assigned to each language, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Shengjie Luo , Kaiyuan Gao , Shuxin Zheng , Guolin Ke , Di He , Liwei Wang , Tie-Yan Liu

We study the text generation task under the approach of pre-trained language models (PLMs). Typically, an auto-regressive (AR) method is adopted for generating texts in a token-by-token manner. Despite many advantages of AR generation, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Junyi Li , Tianyi Tang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jian-Yun Nie , Ji-Rong Wen

Masked Language Modeling (MLM) is widely used to pretrain language models. The standard random masking strategy in MLM causes the pre-trained language models (PLMs) to be biased toward high-frequency tokens. Representation learning of rare…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Linhan Zhang , Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Chong Deng , Xin Cao , Kongzhang Hao , Yuxin Jiang , Wei Wang

We present Unicoder, a universal language encoder that is insensitive to different languages. Given an arbitrary NLP task, a model can be trained with Unicoder using training data in one language and directly applied to inputs of the same…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Haoyang Huang , Yaobo Liang , Nan Duan , Ming Gong , Linjun Shou , Daxin Jiang , Ming Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional capabilities in a multitude of NLP tasks. However, the efficacy of such models to languages other than English is often limited. Prior works have shown that encoder-only models such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Divyanshu Aggarwal , Ashutosh Sathe , Sunayana Sitaram

Recent work has found evidence that Multilingual BERT (mBERT), a transformer-based multilingual masked language model, is capable of zero-shot cross-lingual transfer, suggesting that some aspects of its representations are shared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Ethan A. Chi , John Hewitt , Christopher D. Manning

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) with multimodal encoders on modality-specific data expands the modalities that LLMs can handle, leading to the formation of Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs). However, this paradigm heavily relies on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Junlin Li , Guodong DU , Jing Li , Sim Kuan Goh , Wenya Wang , Yequan Wang , Fangming Liu , Ho-Kin Tang , Saleh Alharbi , Daojing He , Min Zhang

Cross-lingual entity alignment is the task of finding the same semantic entities from different language knowledge graphs. In this paper, we propose a simple and novel unsupervised method for cross-language entity alignment. We utilize the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Chuanyu Jiang , Yiming Qian , Lijun Chen , Yang Gu , Xia Xie