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Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to recognize new classes incrementally while maintaining the discriminability of old classes. Most existing CIL methods are exemplar-based, i.e., storing a part of old data for retraining. Without…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Fei Zhu , Xu-Yao Zhang , Zhen Cheng , Cheng-Lin Liu

Class-Incremental learning (CIL) refers to the ability of artificial agents to integrate new classes as they appear in a stream. It is particularly interesting in evolving environments where agents have limited access to memory and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Eden Belouadah , Arnaud Dapogny , Kevin Bailly

Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning has shown remarkable efficacy in efficient learning new concepts with limited annotations. Nevertheless, the heuristic few-shot annotations may not always cover the most informative samples, which largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Zitong Huang , Ze Chen , Yuanze Li , Bowen Dong , Erjin Zhou , Yong Liu , Rick Siow Mong Goh , Chun-Mei Feng , Wangmeng Zuo

3D perception plays a crucial role in real-world applications such as autonomous driving, robotics, and AR/VR. In practical scenarios, 3D perception models must continuously adapt to new data and emerging object categories, but retraining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Jinge Ma , Jiangpeng He , Fengqing Zhu

Convolutional neural network (CNN) is a class of artificial neural networks widely used in computer vision tasks. Most CNNs achieve excellent performance by stacking certain types of basic units. In addition to increasing the depth and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Junyi An , Fengshan Liu , Jian Zhao , Furao Shen

The dynamic expansion architecture is becoming popular in class incremental learning, mainly due to its advantages in alleviating catastrophic forgetting. However, task confusion is not well assessed within this framework, e.g., the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Bingchen Huang , Zhineng Chen , Peng Zhou , Jiayin Chen , Zuxuan Wu

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) is a practical and challenging problem for achieving general artificial intelligence. Recently, Pre-Trained Models (PTMs) have led to breakthroughs in both visual and natural language processing tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Junhao Zheng , Ruiyan Wang , Chongzhi Zhang , Huawen Feng , Qianli Ma

The task of Long-tailed Class Incremental Learning (LT-CIL) addresses the sequential learning of new classes from datasets with imbalanced class distributions. This scenario intensifies the fundamental problem of catastrophic forgetting,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Taigo Sakai , Kazuhiro Hotta

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) requires a learning system to continually learn new classes without forgetting. Existing pre-trained model-based CIL methods often freeze the pre-trained network and adapt to incremental tasks using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yan Wang , Da-Wei Zhou , Han-Jia Ye

Complementary-label learning (CLL) is a weakly supervised paradigm where instances are labeled with classes they do not belong to. Despite a decade of research, CLL methods remain competitive mainly on 10-class classification, with scaling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tan-Ha Mai , Chao-Kai Chiang , Han-Hwa Shih , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama , Hsuan-Tien Lin

The dynamic nature of open-world scenarios has attracted more attention to class incremental learning (CIL). However, existing CIL methods typically presume the availability of complete ground-truth labels throughout the training process,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Jiaming Liu , Hongyuan Liu , Zhili Qin , Wei Han , Yulu Fan , Qinli Yang , Junming Shao

In class-incremental learning, a model learns continuously from a sequential data stream in which new classes occur. Existing methods often rely on static architectures that are manually crafted. These methods can be prone to capacity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Shenyang Huang , Vincent François-Lavet , Guillaume Rabusseau

Different from fine-tuning models pre-trained on a large-scale dataset of preset classes, class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to recognize novel classes over time without forgetting pre-trained classes. However, a given model will be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Xiang Xiang , Yuwen Tan , Qian Wan , Jing Ma

In class incremental learning (CIL) a model must learn new classes in a sequential manner without forgetting old ones. However, conventional CIL methods consider a balanced distribution for each new task, which ignores the prevalence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Xialei Liu , Yu-Song Hu , Xu-Sheng Cao , Andrew D. Bagdanov , Ke Li , Ming-Ming Cheng

The quest for Continual Learning (CL) seeks to empower neural networks with the ability to learn and adapt incrementally. Central to this pursuit is addressing the stability-plasticity dilemma, which involves striking a balance between two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Aojun Lu , Hangjie Yuan , Tao Feng , Yanan Sun

Class incremental learning (CIL) requires an agent to learn distinct tasks consecutively with knowledge retention against forgetting. Problems impeding the practical applications of CIL methods are twofold: (1) non-i.i.d batch streams and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Junda Wang , Minghui Hu , Ning Li , Abdulaziz Al-Ali , Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan

Current research on class-incremental learning primarily focuses on single-label classification tasks. However, real-world applications often involve multi-label scenarios, such as image retrieval and medical imaging. Therefore, this paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Chenhao Ding , Songlin Dong , Zhengdong Zhou , Jizhou Han , Qiang Wang , Yuhang He , Yihong Gong

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) requires models to continuously acquire new classes without forgetting previously learned ones. A dominant paradigm involves freezing a pre-trained model and training lightweight, task-specific adapters.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ruiqi Liu , Boyu Diao , Zijia An , Zhulin An , Fei Wang , Yongjun Xu

Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to develop a learning system that can continually learn new classes from a data stream without forgetting previously learned classes. When learning classes incrementally, the classifier must be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Minqian Liu , Lifu Huang

Class-Incremental Learning aims to update a deep classifier to learn new categories while maintaining or improving its accuracy on previously observed classes. Common methods to prevent forgetting previously learned classes include…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Elif Ceren Gok Yildirim , Murat Onur Yildirim , Mert Kilickaya , Joaquin Vanschoren