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Large pre-trained language models have shown promise for few-shot learning, completing text-based tasks given only a few task-specific examples. Will models soon solve classification tasks that have so far been reserved for human research…

Whilst the availability of 3D LiDAR point cloud data has significantly grown in recent years, annotation remains expensive and time-consuming, leading to a demand for semi-supervised semantic segmentation methods with application domains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Li Li , Hubert P. H. Shum , Toby P. Breckon

Annotating abusive language is expensive, logistically complex and creates a risk of psychological harm. However, most machine learning research has prioritized maximizing effectiveness (i.e., F1 or accuracy score) rather than data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Hannah Rose Kirk , Bertie Vidgen , Scott A. Hale

Different annotators often assign different labels to the same sample due to backgrounds or preferences, and such labeling patterns are referred to as tendency. In multi-annotator scenarios, we introduce a novel task called Multi-annotator…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Liyun Zhang , Zheng Lian , Hong Liu , Takanori Takebe , Yuta Nakashima

Large language model (LLM) agents are becoming competent at straightforward web tasks, such as opening an item page or submitting a form, but still struggle with objectives that require long horizon navigation, large scale information…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Jingbo Yang , Bairu Hou , Wei Wei , Shiyu Chang , Yujia Bao

State-of-the-art question answering (QA) relies upon large amounts of training data for which labeling is time consuming and thus expensive. For this reason, customizing QA systems is challenging. As a remedy, we propose a novel framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Bernhard Kratzwald , Stefan Feuerriegel , Huan Sun

State-of-the-art computer vision approaches rely on huge amounts of annotated data. The collection of such data is a time consuming process since it is mainly performed by humans. The literature shows that semi-automatic annotation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Jonas Jäger , Gereon Reus , Joachim Denzler , Viviane Wolff , Klaus Fricke-Neuderth

Annotations play a vital role in highlighting critical aspects of visualizations, aiding in data externalization and exploration, collaborative sensemaking, and visual storytelling. However, despite their widespread use, we identified a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Md Dilshadur Rahman , Ghulam Jilani Quadri , Bhavana Doppalapudi , Danielle Albers Szafir , Paul Rosen

In spoken Task-Oriented Dialogue (TOD) systems, the choice of the semantic representation describing the users' requests is key to a smooth interaction. Indeed, the system uses this representation to reason over a database and its domain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Lucas Druart , Valentin Vielzeuf , Yannick Estève

Recent neuroimaging studies have highlighted the importance of network-centric brain analysis, particularly with functional magnetic resonance imaging. The emergence of Deep Neural Networks has fostered a substantial interest in predicting…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-09-06 Xuan Kan , Antonio Aodong Chen Gu , Hejie Cui , Ying Guo , Carl Yang

High-quality data annotation is an essential but laborious and costly aspect of developing machine learning-based software. We explore the inherent tradeoff between annotation accuracy and cost by detecting and removing minority reports --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Hsuan Wei Liao , Christopher Klugmann , Daniel Kondermann , Rafid Mahmood

Learning algorithms normally assume that there is at most one annotation or label per data point. However, in some scenarios, such as medical diagnosis and on-line collaboration,multiple annotations may be available. In either case,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Yan Yan , Romer Rosales , Glenn Fung , Jennifer Dy

Knowing where people look in visualizations is key to effective design. Yet, existing research primarily focuses on free-viewing-based saliency models - although visual attention is inherently task-dependent. Collecting task-relevant…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Minsuk Chang , Yao Wang , Huichen Will Wang , Andreas Bulling , Cindy Xiong Bearfield

We study approaches to improve fine-grained short answer Question Answering models by integrating coarse-grained data annotated for paragraph-level relevance and show that coarsely annotated data can bring significant performance gains.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Hao Cheng , Ming-Wei Chang , Kenton Lee , Ankur Parikh , Michael Collins , Kristina Toutanova

Relational reasoning is a central component of generally intelligent systems, enabling robust and data-efficient inductive generalization. Recent empirical evidence shows that many existing neural architectures, including Transformers,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Awni Altabaa , John Lafferty

Supervised classification algorithms are used to solve a growing number of real-life problems around the globe. Their performance is strictly connected with the quality of labels used in training. Unfortunately, acquiring good-quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Daniel Kałuża , Andrzej Janusz , Dominik Ślęzak

SMART is an open source web application designed to help data scientists and research teams efficiently build labeled training data sets for supervised machine learning tasks. SMART provides users with an intuitive interface for creating…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-26 Rob Chew , Michael Wenger , Caroline Kery , Jason Nance , Keith Richards , Emily Hadley , Peter Baumgartner

Labeling a large set of data is expensive. Active learning aims to tackle this problem by asking to annotate only the most informative data from the unlabeled set. We propose a novel active learning approach that utilizes self-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-27 John Seon Keun Yi , Minseok Seo , Jongchan Park , Dong-Geol Choi

Extracting structured information from HTML documents is a long-studied problem with a broad range of applications, including knowledge base construction, faceted search, and personalized recommendation. Prior works rely on a few…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Ritesh Sarkhel , Binxuan Huang , Colin Lockard , Prashant Shiralkar

In the realm of Text-attributed Graphs (TAGs), traditional graph neural networks (GNNs) often fall short due to the complex textual information associated with each node. Recent methods have improved node representations by leveraging large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Huanyi Xie , Lijie Hu , Lu Yu , Tianhao Huang , Longfei Li , Meng Li , Jun Zhou , Huan Wang , Di Wang