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Business documents often contain substantial tabular and textual information with numerical values, requiring mathematical reasoning for effective document understanding. While Small Language Models (SLMs) still struggle at this task,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Vishnou Vinayagame , Gregory Senay , Luis Martí

Biomedical text tagging systems are plagued by the dearth of labeled training data. There have been recent attempts at using pre-trained encoders to deal with this issue. Pre-trained encoder provides representation of the input text which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Gaurav Singh , Zahra Sabet , John Shawe-Taylor , James Thomas

This paper develops and implements a scalable methodology for (a) estimating the noisiness of labels produced by a typical crowdsourcing semantic annotation task, and (b) reducing the resulting error of the labeling process by as much as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-09 David Q. Sun , Hadas Kotek , Christopher Klein , Mayank Gupta , William Li , Jason D. Williams

Labelling user data is a central part of the design and evaluation of pervasive systems that aim to support the user through situation-aware reasoning. It is essential both in designing and training the system to recognise and reason about…

Labeling visual data is expensive and time-consuming. Crowdsourcing systems promise to enable highly parallelizable annotations through the participation of monetarily or otherwise motivated workers, but even this approach has its limits.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Christopher Klugmann , Rafid Mahmood , Guruprasad Hegde , Amit Kale , Daniel Kondermann

Note-taking is a critical practice for capturing, organizing, and reflecting on information in both academic and professional settings. The recent success of large language models has accelerated the development of AI-assisted tools, yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Josh Wisoff , Yao Tang , Zhengyu Fang , Jordan Guzman , YuTang Wang , Alex Yu

Combining multiple object detection datasets offers a path to improved generalisation but is hindered by inconsistencies in class semantics and bounding box annotations. Some methods to address this assume shared label taxonomies and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Mikhail Kennerley , Angelica Aviles-Rivero , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Robby T. Tan

Annotated data has become the most important bottleneck in training accurate machine learning models, especially for areas that require domain expertise. A recent approach to deal with the above issue proposes using natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Yannis Papanikolaou

Large labeled data sets are one of the essential basics of modern deep learning techniques. Therefore, there is an increasing need for tools that allow to label large amounts of data as intuitively as possible. In this paper, we introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Dennis Stumpf , Stephan Krauß , Gerd Reis , Oliver Wasenmüller , Didier Stricker

Object tracking, especially animal tracking, is one of the key topics that attract a lot of attention due to its benefits of animal behavior understanding and monitoring. Recent state-of-the-art tracking methods are founded on deep learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Thinh Phan , Isaac Phillips , Andrew Lockett , Michael T. Kidd , Ngan Le

The Annotation Graph Toolkit (AGTK) is a collection of software which facilitates development of linguistic annotation tools. AGTK provides a database interface which allows applications to use a database server for persistent storage. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Xiaoyi Ma , Haejoong Lee , Steven Bird , Kazuaki Maeda

Most machine learning and data analytics applications, including performance engineering in software systems, require a large number of annotations and labelled data, which might not be available in advance. Acquiring annotations often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Peter Samoaa , Linus Aronsson , Antonio Longa , Philipp Leitner , Morteza Haghir Chehreghani

Annotation tools are the starting point for creating Natural Language Processing (NLP) datasets. There is a wide variety of tools available; setting up these tools is however a hindrance. We propose EEVEE, an annotation tool focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Axel Sorensen , Siyao Peng , Barbara Plank , Rob van der Goot

We describe a novel method for efficiently eliciting scalar annotations for dataset construction and system quality estimation by human judgments. We contrast direct assessment (annotators assign scores to items directly), online pairwise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Keisuke Sakaguchi , Benjamin Van Durme

Data annotated by humans is a source of knowledge by describing the peculiarities of the problem and therefore fueling the decision process of the trained model. Unfortunately, the annotation process for subjective natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Kamil Kanclerz , Julita Bielaniewicz , Marcin Gruza , Jan Kocon , Stanisław Woźniak , Przemysław Kazienko

Detecting semantic concept of columns in tabular data is of particular interest to many applications ranging from data integration, cleaning, search to feature engineering and model building in machine learning. Recently, several works have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Udayan Khurana , Sainyam Galhotra

In the realm of neural architecture design, achieving high performance is largely reliant on the manual expertise of researchers. Despite the emergence of Neural Architecture Search (NAS) as a promising technique for automating this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yannis Y. He

`Linguistic annotation' covers any descriptive or analytic notations applied to raw language data. The basic data may be in the form of time functions -- audio, video and/or physiological recordings -- or it may be textual. The added…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Steven Bird , Mark Liberman

Task-oriented semantic parsing is a critical component of virtual assistants, which is responsible for understanding the user's intents (set reminder, play music, etc.). Recent advances in deep learning have enabled several approaches to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Xilun Chen , Asish Ghoshal , Yashar Mehdad , Luke Zettlemoyer , Sonal Gupta

Managing the data for Information Retrieval (IR) experiments can be challenging. Dataset documentation is scattered across the Internet and once one obtains a copy of the data, there are numerous different data formats to work with. Even…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Sean MacAvaney , Andrew Yates , Sergey Feldman , Doug Downey , Arman Cohan , Nazli Goharian