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Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) was proposed as an AI-hard problem in testing computers' intelligence on common sense representation and reasoning. This paper presents the new state-of-theart on WSC, achieving an accuracy of 71.1%. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Yu-Ping Ruan , Xiaodan Zhu , Zhen-Hua Ling , Zhan Shi , Quan Liu , Si Wei

The Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) (Levesque, Davis, and Morgenstern 2011), a benchmark for commonsense reasoning, is a set of 273 expert-crafted pronoun resolution problems originally designed to be unsolvable for statistical models that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Keisuke Sakaguchi , Ronan Le Bras , Chandra Bhagavatula , Yejin Choi

Recent studies have significantly improved the state-of-the-art on common-sense reasoning (CSR) benchmarks like the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) and SWAG. The question we ask in this paper is whether improved performance on these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Paul Trichelair , Ali Emami , Adam Trischler , Kaheer Suleman , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

Challenge sets such as the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) are used to benchmark systems' ability to resolve ambiguities in natural language. If one assumes as in existing work that solving a given challenge set is at least as difficult as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ian Porada , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

The Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) and variants inspired by it have become important benchmarks for common-sense reasoning (CSR). Model performance on the WSC has quickly progressed from chance-level to near-human using neural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Ali Emami , Adam Trischler , Kaheer Suleman , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

The Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) serves as a prominent benchmark for evaluating machine understanding. While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at answering WSC questions, their ability to generate such questions remains less explored.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Pardis Sadat Zahraei , Ali Emami

The Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) is a common-sense reasoning task that requires background knowledge. In this paper, we contribute to tackling WSC in four ways. Firstly, we suggest a keyword method to define a restricted domain where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Suk Joon Hong , Brandon Bennett

The Winograd Schema (WS) has been proposed as a test for measuring commonsense capabilities of models. Recently, pre-trained language model-based approaches have boosted performance on some WS benchmarks but the source of improvement is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Yanai Elazar , Hongming Zhang , Yoav Goldberg , Dan Roth

Ambiguities in natural language give rise to probability distributions over interpretations. The distributions are often over multiple ambiguous words at a time; a multiplicity which makes them a suitable topic for sheaf-theoretic models of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Kin Ian Lo , Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh , Shane Mansfield

Large-scale pretrained language models are the major driving force behind recent improvements in performance on the Winograd Schema Challenge, a widely employed test of common sense reasoning ability. We show, however, with a new diagnostic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Mostafa Abdou , Vinit Ravishankar , Maria Barrett , Yonatan Belinkov , Desmond Elliott , Anders Søgaard

The Winograd Schema Challenge - a set of twin sentences involving pronoun reference disambiguation that seem to require the use of commonsense knowledge - was proposed by Hector Levesque in 2011. By 2019, a number of AI systems, based on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Vid Kocijan , Ernest Davis , Thomas Lukasiewicz , Gary Marcus , Leora Morgenstern

In the last decade, the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) has become a central aspect of the research community as a novel litmus test. Consequently, the WSC has spurred research interest because it can be seen as the means to understand…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Nicos Isaak , Loizos Michael

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC), a coreference resolution task testing common-sense reasoning through pronoun disambiguation, they struggle with instances that feature minor alterations or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Jing Han Sun , Ali Emami

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable proficiency in reasoning, there is still a concern about hallucinations and unreliable reasoning issues due to semantic associations and superficial logical chains. To evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Kaiqiao Han , Tianqing Fang , Zhaowei Wang , Yangqiu Song , Mark Steedman

Successful completion of reasoning task requires the agent to have relevant prior knowledge or some given context of the world dynamics. Usually, the information provided to the system for a reasoning task is just the query or some…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Vatsal Mahajan

The Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) is a natural language understanding task proposed as an alternative to the Turing test in 2011. In this work we attempt to solve WSC problems by reasoning with additional knowledge. By using an approach…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Arpit Sharma

The predominant challenge in weakly supervised semantic parsing is that of spurious programs that evaluate to correct answers for the wrong reasons. Prior work uses elaborate search strategies to mitigate the prevalence of spurious…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Nitish Gupta , Sameer Singh , Matt Gardner

The Winograd Schema Challenge is both a commonsense reasoning and natural language understanding challenge, introduced as an alternative to the Turing test. A Winograd schema is a pair of sentences differing in one or two words with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Vid Kocijan , Thomas Lukasiewicz , Ernest Davis , Gary Marcus , Leora Morgenstern

Unsupervised learning objectives like autoregressive and masked language modeling constitute a significant part in producing pre-trained representations that perform various downstream applications from natural language understanding to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Junghyun Min , Minho Lee , Woochul Lee , Yeonsoo Lee

Can we get existing language models and refine them for zero-shot commonsense reasoning? This paper presents an initial study exploring the feasibility of zero-shot commonsense reasoning for the Winograd Schema Challenge by formulating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Tassilo Klein , Moin Nabi
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