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Generalization in reinforcement learning (RL) remains a significant challenge, especially when agents encounter novel environments with unseen dynamics. Drawing inspiration from human compositional reasoning -- where known components are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Xinyue Wang , Biwei Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance in language-centric tasks. However, in agentic settings, LLMs often struggle to anticipate action consequences and adapt to environment dynamics, highlighting the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xiao Yu , Baolin Peng , Ruize Xu , Yelong Shen , Pengcheng He , Suman Nath , Nikhil Singh , Jiangfeng Gao , Zhou Yu

Reasoning in a complex and ambiguous environment is a key goal for Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents. While some sophisticated RL agents can successfully solve difficult tasks, they require a large amount of training data and often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Ishita Dasgupta , Christine Kaeser-Chen , Kenneth Marino , Arun Ahuja , Sheila Babayan , Felix Hill , Rob Fergus

Despite the broad application of deep reinforcement learning (RL), transferring and adapting the policy to unseen but similar environments is still a significant challenge. Recently, the language-conditioned policy is proposed to facilitate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Shaohui Peng , Xing Hu , Rui Zhang , Jiaming Guo , Qi Yi , Ruizhi Chen , Zidong Du , Ling Li , Qi Guo , Yunji Chen

While Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in language modeling, its triumph hasn't yet fully translated to visuomotor agents. A primary challenge in RL models is their tendency to overfit specific tasks or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Shaofei Cai , Zhancun Mu , Haiwen Xia , Bowei Zhang , Anji Liu , Yitao Liang

Developing a generalist agent is a longstanding objective in artificial intelligence. Previous efforts utilizing extensive offline datasets from various tasks demonstrate remarkable performance in multitasking scenarios within Reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Yonggang Jin , Ge Zhang , Hao Zhao , Tianyu Zheng , Jarvi Guo , Liuyu Xiang , Shawn Yue , Stephen W. Huang , Zhaofeng He , Jie Fu

Building dialog agents that can converse naturally with humans is a challenging yet intriguing problem of artificial intelligence. In open-domain human-computer conversation, where the conversational agent is expected to respond to human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Tom Young , Erik Cambria , Iti Chaturvedi , Minlie Huang , Hao Zhou , Subham Biswas

Research on emergent communication between deep-learning-based agents has received extensive attention due to its inspiration for linguistics and artificial intelligence. However, previous attempts have hovered around emerging communication…

Offline meta-reinforcement learning seeks to learn policies that generalize across related tasks from fixed datasets. Context-based methods infer a task representation from transition histories, but learning effective task representations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Mohammadreza Nakheai , Aidan Scannell , Kevin Luck , Joni Pajarinen

While Reinforcement Learning ( RL) has made great strides towards solving increasingly complicated problems, many algorithms are still brittle to even slight environmental changes. Contextual Reinforcement Learning (cRL) provides a…

We provide a dataset that enables the creation of learning agents that can build knowledge graph-based world models of interactive narratives. Interactive narratives -- or text-adventure games -- are partially observable environments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Prithviraj Ammanabrolu , Mark O. Riedl

The challenge of developing powerful and general Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents has received increasing attention in recent years. Much of this effort has focused on the single-agent setting, in which an agent maximizes a predefined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Jiachen Yang , Ang Li , Mehrdad Farajtabar , Peter Sunehag , Edward Hughes , Hongyuan Zha

Machine learning has been proposed as a way to improve educational assessment by making fine-grained predictions about student performance and learning relationships between items. One challenge with many machine learning approaches is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Arisha Khan , Nathaniel Li , Tori Shen , Anna N. Rafferty

Text-based games are long puzzles or quests, characterized by a sequence of sparse and potentially deceptive rewards. They provide an ideal platform to develop agents that perceive and act upon the world using a combinatorially sized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Prithviraj Ammanabrolu , Ethan Tien , Matthew Hausknecht , Mark O. Riedl

Recent breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs) have positioned them as a promising paradigm for agents, with long-term planning and decision-making emerging as core general-purpose capabilities for adapting to diverse scenarios and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Dawei Wang , Chengming Zhou , Di Zhao , Xinyuan Liu , Marci Chi Ma , Gary Ushaw , Richard Davison

Reinforcement Learning has shown success in a number of complex virtual environments. However, many challenges still exist towards solving problems with natural language as a core component. Interactive Fiction Games (or Text Games) are one…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Philip Osborne , Heido Nõmm , Andre Freitas

While Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches lead to significant achievements in a variety of areas in recent history, natural language tasks remained mostly unaffected, due to the compositional and combinatorial nature that makes them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Leonard Adolphs , Thomas Hofmann

Game environments provide rich, controllable settings that stimulate many aspects of real-world complexity. As such, game agents offer a valuable testbed for exploring capabilities relevant to Artificial General Intelligence. Recently, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Sihao Hu , Tiansheng Huang , Gaowen Liu , Ramana Rao Kompella , Fatih Ilhan , Selim Furkan Tekin , Yichang Xu , Zachary Yahn , Ling Liu

Reasoning is a fundamental capability of large language models (LLMs), enabling them to comprehend, analyze, and solve complex problems. In this paper, we introduce TextGames, an innovative benchmark specifically crafted to assess LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Frederikus Hudi , Genta Indra Winata , Ruochen Zhang , Alham Fikri Aji

In order to train a computer agent to play a text-based computer game, we must represent each hidden state of the game. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model running over observed texts is a common choice for state construction. However, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Xusen Yin , Jonathan May