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The initiation phase of CMEs is a very important aspect of solar physics, as these phenomena ultimately drive space weather in the heliosphere. This phase is known to occur between the photosphere and low corona, where many models introduce…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Jason P. Byrne , Huw Morgan , Dan B. Seaton , Hazel M. Bain , Shadia R. Habbal

We study the linear and nonlinear evolution of the tearing instability on thin current sheets by means of two-dimensional numerical simulations, within the framework of compressible, resistive magnetohydrodynamics. In particular we analyze…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-04-28 Simone Landi , Luca Del Zanna , Emanuele Papini , Fulvia Pucci , Marco Velli

An unexpected strong geomagnetic storm occurred on 2018 August 26, which was caused by a slow coronal mass ejection (CME) from a gradual eruption of a large quiet-region filament. We investigate the eruption and propagation characteristics…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-06 Chong Chen , Ying D. Liu , Rui Wang , Xiaowei Zhao , Huidong Hu , Bei Zhu

With increasing solar activity since 2010, many flares from the backside of the Sun have been observed by the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUVI) on either of the twin STEREO spacecraft. Our objective is to estimate their X-ray peak fluxes…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-04-16 N. V. Nitta , M. J. Aschwanden , P. F. Boerner , S. L. Freeland , J. R. Lemen , J. -P. Wuelser

Kink-like flapping motions of current sheets are commonly observed in the magnetotail. Such oscillations have periods of a few minutes down to a few seconds and they propagate toward the flanks of the plasma sheet. Here, we report a…

On 8 November 2013 a halo-type coronal mass ejection (CME) was observed, together with flares and type II radio bursts, but the association between the flares, radio bursts, and the CME was not clear. Our aim is to identify the origin of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-10 Silja Pohjolainen , Nasrin Talebpour Sheshvan , Christian Monstein

We analyze the structure and evolution of ribbons from the M7.3 SOL2014-04-18T13 flare using ultraviolet (UV) images from IRIS and SDO/AIA, magnetic data from SDO/HMI, hard X-ray (HXR) images from RHESSI, and light curves from Fermi/GBM, in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-09 Stephen J. Naus , Jiong Qiu , C. Richard DeVore , Spiro K. Antiochos , Joel T. Dahlin , James F. Drake , Marc Swisdak

On 7 January 2014 an X1.2 flare and CME with a radial speed $\approx$2500 km s$^{-1}$ was observed from near an active region close to disk center. This led many forecasters to estimate a rapid arrival at Earth ($\approx$36 hours) and…

We report a new, plasmoid-fed scenario for the formation of an eruptive prominence (PF$^2$), involving reconnection and condensation. We use grid-adaptive resistive two-and-a-half-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations in a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-06 Xiaozhou Zhao , Rony Keppens

Using the potential of two unprecedented missions, STEREO and RHESSI, we study three well observed fast CMEs that occurred close to the limb together with their associated high energy flare emissions in terms of RHESSI HXR spectra and flux…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 M. Temmer , A. M. Veronig , E. P. Kontar , S. Krucker , B. Vrsnak

It is difficult to measure the true speed of Earth-directed CMEs from a coronagraph located along the Sun-Earth line because of the occulting disk. However, the expansion speed (the speed with which the CME appears to spread in the sky…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2012-05-04 Nat Gopalswamy , Pertti Mäkelä , Seiji Yashiro , Joseph M. Davila

We present an event observed by Parker Solar Probe at $\sim$0.2 au on March 2, 2022 in which imaging and \emph{in situ} measurements coincide. During this event, PSP passed through structures on the flank of a streamer blowout CME including…

The shape and dynamics of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) vary significantly based on the instrument and wavelength used. This has led to significant debate about the proper definitions of CME/shock fronts, pile-up/compression regions, and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-27 Oleg Stepanyuk , Kamen Kozarev

Eruptive phenomena such as plasmoid ejections or jets are an important feature of solar activity with the potential for improving our understanding of the dynamics of the solar atmosphere. Such ejections are often thought to be signatures…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-22 M. Shimojo , H. S. Hudson , S. M. White , T. S. Bastian , K. Iwai

In the standard model, magnetic reconnection at a vertical current sheet above the flare arcade is key to explaining many aspects of solar eruptions. The supra-arcade region is where the vertical current sheet is supposedly located, and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-23 Hanya Pan , Astrid M. Veronig , Rui Liu

On 2014 October 30, a band-splitted type II radio burst associated with a coronal mass ejection (CME) observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) occurred over the southeast limb of the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-03 S. Mancuso , F. Frassati , A. Bemporad , D. Barghini

Stellar flares are characterized by sudden enhancement of electromagnetic radiation in stellar atmospheres. So far much of our understanding of stellar flares comes from photometric observations, from which plasma motions in flare regions…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-13 Yuchuan Wu , Hechao Chen , Hui Tian , Liyun Zhang , Jianrong Shi , Han He , Hongpeng Lu , Yu Xu , Haifeng Wang

We present a new method to extract the three-dimensional electron density profile and density compression ratio of shock fronts associated with Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) observed in white light coronagraph images. We demonstrate the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-16 Ryun-Young Kwon , Angelos Vourlidas

We study the 17 January 2010 flare-CME-wave event by using STEREO/SECCHI EUVI and COR1 data. The observational study is combined with an analytic model which simulates the evolution of the coronal-wave phenomenon associated with the event.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 M. Temmer , B. Vrsnak , A. M. Veronig

We study the origin of a CME-related shock within the LASCO C3 field-of-view (FOV). A shock originates, when a CME body velocity on its axis surpasses the total velocity $V_A + V_{SW}$, where $V_A$ is the Alfv\'en velocity, $V_{SW}$ is the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-06 V. G. Fainshtein , Ya. I. Egorov