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We present CALM, a joint Contextual Acoustic-Linguistic Modeling framework for multi-speaker automatic speech recognition (ASR). In personalized AI scenarios, the joint availability of acoustic and linguistic cues naturally motivates the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-14 Muhammad Shakeel , Yosuke Fukumoto , Chikara Maeda , Chyi-Jiunn Lin , Shinji Watanabe

Learning to communicate through interaction, rather than relying on explicit supervision, is often considered a prerequisite for developing a general AI. We study a setting where two agents engage in playing a referential game and, from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Serhii Havrylov , Ivan Titov

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in decision-critical domains, it becomes essential to ensure that their confidence estimates faithfully correspond to their actual correctness. Existing calibration methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Ke Fang , Tianyi Zhao , Lu Cheng

Strategic reasoning enables agents to cooperate, communicate, and compete with other agents in diverse situations. Existing approaches to solving strategic games rely on extensive training, yielding strategies that do not generalize to new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Kanishk Gandhi , Dorsa Sadigh , Noah D. Goodman

Mathematical models of interactions among rational agents have long been studied in game theory. However these interactions are often over a small set of discrete game actions which is very different from how humans communicate in natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Ian Gemp , Roma Patel , Yoram Bachrach , Marc Lanctot , Vibhavari Dasagi , Luke Marris , Georgios Piliouras , Siqi Liu , Karl Tuyls

Large transformer-based language models (LMs) trained on huge text corpora have shown unparalleled generation capabilities. However, controlling attributes of the generated language (e.g. switching topic or sentiment) is difficult without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Sumanth Dathathri , Andrea Madotto , Janice Lan , Jane Hung , Eric Frank , Piero Molino , Jason Yosinski , Rosanne Liu

Game environments provide rich, controllable settings that stimulate many aspects of real-world complexity. As such, game agents offer a valuable testbed for exploring capabilities relevant to Artificial General Intelligence. Recently, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Sihao Hu , Tiansheng Huang , Gaowen Liu , Ramana Rao Kompella , Fatih Ilhan , Selim Furkan Tekin , Yichang Xu , Zachary Yahn , Ling Liu

A wide range of real-world applications is characterized by their symbolic nature, necessitating a strong capability for symbolic reasoning. This paper investigates the potential application of Large Language Models (LLMs) as symbolic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Meng Fang , Shilong Deng , Yudi Zhang , Zijing Shi , Ling Chen , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Jun Wang

Reinforcement Learning has shown success in a number of complex virtual environments. However, many challenges still exist towards solving problems with natural language as a core component. Interactive Fiction Games (or Text Games) are one…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Philip Osborne , Heido Nõmm , Andre Freitas

Cultural awareness in language models is the capacity to understand and adapt to diverse cultural contexts. However, most existing approaches treat culture as static background knowledge, overlooking its dynamic and evolving nature. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Lingzhi Shen , Xiaohao Cai , Yunfei Long , Imran Razzak , Guanming Chen , Shoaib Jameel

This paper introduces LLM-MARL, a unified framework that incorporates large language models (LLMs) into multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) to enhance coordination, communication, and generalization in simulated game environments. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Zhengyang Li , Sawyer Campos , Nana Wang

We provide a dataset that enables the creation of learning agents that can build knowledge graph-based world models of interactive narratives. Interactive narratives -- or text-adventure games -- are partially observable environments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Prithviraj Ammanabrolu , Mark O. Riedl

We study the problem of controlling the difficulty level of text generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) for contexts where end-users are not fully proficient, such as language learners. Using a novel framework, we evaluate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Ali Malik , Stephen Mayhew , Chris Piech , Klinton Bicknell

Recent advances in Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have led to significant performance improvements across many tasks. These gains come with a drastic increase in the models' size, potentially leading to slow and costly use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Tal Schuster , Adam Fisch , Jai Gupta , Mostafa Dehghani , Dara Bahri , Vinh Q. Tran , Yi Tay , Donald Metzler

Several attempts have been made to implement text command control for game agents. However, current technologies are limited to processing predefined format commands. This paper proposes a pioneering text command control system for a game…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Ray Ito , Junichiro Takahashi

Text-based games are suitable test-beds for designing agents that can learn by interaction with the environment in the form of natural language text. Very recently, deep reinforcement learning based agents have been successfully applied for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Ghulam Ahmed Ansari , Sagar J P , Sarath Chandar , Balaraman Ravindran

The temporal credit assignment problem is a central challenge in Reinforcement Learning (RL), concerned with attributing the appropriate influence to each actions in a trajectory for their ability to achieve a goal. However, when feedback…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Eduardo Pignatelli , Johan Ferret , Tim Rockäschel , Edward Grefenstette , Davide Paglieri , Samuel Coward , Laura Toni

Language agents have shown impressive problem-solving skills within defined settings and brief timelines. Yet, with the ever-evolving complexities of open-world simulations, there's a pressing need for agents that can flexibly adapt to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Ming Yan , Ruihao Li , Hao Zhang , Hao Wang , Zhilan Yang , Ji Yan

Large language models (LLMs) offer promise for dynamic game content generation, but they face critical barriers, including narrative incoherence and high operational costs. Due to their large size, they are often accessed in the cloud,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Morten I. K. Munk , Arturo Valdivia , Paolo Burelli

Recent work has proposed a methodology for the systematic evaluation of "Situated Language Understanding Agents"-agents that operate in rich linguistic and non-linguistic contexts-through testing them in carefully constructed interactive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Kranti Chalamalasetti , Jana Götze , Sherzod Hakimov , Brielen Madureira , Philipp Sadler , David Schlangen