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Trainable activation functions, whose parameters are optimized alongside network weights, offer increased expressivity compared to fixed activation functions. Specifically, trainable activation functions defined as ratios of polynomials…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Rafał Surdej , Michał Bortkiewicz , Alex Lewandowski , Mateusz Ostaszewski , Clare Lyle

We consider online linear optimization over symmetric positive semi-definite matrices, which has various applications including the online collaborative filtering. The problem is formulated as a repeated game between the algorithm and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-04 Ken-ichiro Moridomi , Kohei Hatano , Eiji Takimoto

Reinforcement learning (RL) policies deployed in real-world environments must remain reliable under adversarial perturbations. At the same time, modern deep RL agents are heavily over-parameterized, raising costs and fragility concerns.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 James Pedley , Benjamin Etheridge , Stephen J. Roberts , Francesco Quinzan

The softmax function is a fundamental component in deep learning. This study delves into the often-overlooked parameter within the softmax function, known as "temperature," providing novel insights into the practical and theoretical aspects…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Hao Xuan , Bokai Yang , Xingyu Li

This paper analyzes regularization terms proposed recently for improving the adversarial robustness of deep neural networks (DNNs), from a theoretical point of view. Specifically, we study possible connections between several effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Yiwen Guo , Long Chen , Yurong Chen , Changshui Zhang

Adversarial training is an effective learning technique to improve the robustness of deep neural networks. In this study, the influence of adversarial training on deep learning models in terms of fairness, robustness, and generalization is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Xiaoling Zhou , Nan Yang , Ou Wu

Recently, learning discriminative features to improve the recognition performances gradually becomes the primary goal of deep learning, and numerous remarkable works have emerged. In this paper, we propose a novel yet extremely simple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Binghui Chen , Weihong Deng , Haifeng Shen

Latent categorical variables are frequently found in deep learning architectures. They can model actions in discrete reinforcement-learning environments, represent categories in latent-variable models, or express relations in graph neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Alessandro Manenti , Cesare Alippi

Adversarial attacks have been shown to be highly effective at degrading the performance of deep neural networks (DNNs). The most prominent defense is adversarial training, a method for learning a robust model. Nevertheless, adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Uriya Pesso , Koby Bibas , Meir Feder

Adversarial attacks have been widely studied for general classification tasks, but remain unexplored in the context of fine-grained recognition, where the inter-class similarities facilitate the attacker's task. In this paper, we identify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Krishna Kanth Nakka , Mathieu Salzmann

It is common practice in deep learning to use overparameterized networks and train for as long as possible; there are numerous studies that show, both theoretically and empirically, that such practices surprisingly do not unduly harm the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Leslie Rice , Eric Wong , J. Zico Kolter

Adversarial training has been proven to be an effective technique for improving the adversarial robustness of models. However, there seems to be an inherent trade-off between optimizing the model for accuracy and robustness. To this end, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Elahe Arani , Fahad Sarfraz , Bahram Zonooz

Despite the efficacy on a variety of computer vision tasks, deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, limiting their applications in security-critical systems. Recent works have shown the possibility of generating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-21 Ziang Yan , Yiwen Guo , Changshui Zhang

Legged locomotion has recently achieved remarkable success with the progress of machine learning techniques, especially deep reinforcement learning (RL). Controllers employing neural networks have demonstrated empirical and qualitative…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Fan Shi , Chong Zhang , Takahiro Miki , Joonho Lee , Marco Hutter , Stelian Coros

Gradient optimization-based adversarial attack methods automate the learning of adversarial triggers to generate jailbreak prompts or leak system prompts. In this work, we take a closer look at the optimization objective of adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Zhe Wang , Yanjun Qi

The vulnerability of deep neural networks (DNNs) to adversarial attack, which is an attack that can mislead state-of-the-art classifiers into making an incorrect classification with high confidence by deliberately perturbing the original…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Lina Wang , Rui Tang , Yawei Yue , Xingshu Chen , Wei Wang , Yi Zhu , Xuemei Zeng

In standard Deep Neural Network (DNN) based classifiers, the general convention is to omit the activation function in the last (output) layer and directly apply the softmax function on the logits to get the probability scores of each class.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Omer Faruk Tuna , Ferhat Ozgur Catak , M. Taner Eskil

We investigate the topics of sensitivity and robustness in feedforward and convolutional neural networks. Combining energy landscape techniques developed in computational chemistry with tools drawn from formal methods, we produce empirical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-06 Timothy E. Wang , Yiming Gu , Dhagash Mehta , Xiaojun Zhao , Edgar A. Bernal

This work tackles an intriguing and fundamental open challenge in representation learning: Given a well-trained deep learning model, can it be reprogrammed to enhance its robustness against adversarial or noisy input perturbations without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Zhichao Hou , MohamadAli Torkamani , Hamid Krim , Xiaorui Liu

Deep reinforcement learning has made significant progress in robotic manipulation tasks and it works well in the ideal disturbance-free environment. However, in a real-world environment, both internal and external disturbances are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Pingcheng Jian , Chao Yang , Di Guo , Huaping Liu , Fuchun Sun