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With the rise of powerful foundation models, a pre-training-fine-tuning paradigm becomes increasingly popular these days: A foundation model is pre-trained using a huge amount of data from various sources, and then the downstream users only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Meiqi Liu , Zhuoqun Huang , Yue Xing

In spite of the dominant performances of deep neural networks, recent works have shown that they are poorly calibrated, resulting in over-confident predictions. Miscalibration can be exacerbated by overfitting due to the minimization of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Bingyuan Liu , Ismail Ben Ayed , Adrian Galdran , Jose Dolz

Recently, substantial progress has been made in language modeling by using deep neural networks. However, in practice, large scale neural language models have been shown to be prone to overfitting. In this paper, we present a simple yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Dilin Wang , Chengyue Gong , Qiang Liu

Large visual language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated excellent instruction-following capabilities, yet remain vulnerable to stealthy backdoor attacks when finetuned using contaminated data. Existing backdoor defense techniques are usually…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yuan Xun , Siyuan Liang , Xiaojun Jia , Xinwei Liu , Xiaochun Cao

Adversarial training based on the minimax formulation is necessary for obtaining adversarial robustness of trained models. However, it is conservative or even pessimistic so that it sometimes hurts the natural generalization. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Jingfeng Zhang , Xilie Xu , Bo Han , Gang Niu , Lizhen Cui , Masashi Sugiyama , Mohan Kankanhalli

In Natural Language Processing (NLP), pretrained language models (LMs) that are transferred to downstream tasks have been recently shown to achieve state-of-the-art results. However, standard fine-tuning can degrade the general-domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Giorgos Vernikos , Katerina Margatina , Alexandra Chronopoulou , Ion Androutsopoulos

State-of-the-art machine learning models can be vulnerable to very small input perturbations that are adversarially constructed. Adversarial training is an effective approach to defend against it. Formulated as a min-max problem, it…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-18 Antônio H. Ribeiro , Dave Zachariah , Francis Bach , Thomas B. Schön

Even though deep neural networks succeed on many different tasks including semantic segmentation, they lack on robustness against adversarial examples. To counteract this exploit, often adversarial training is used. However, it is known…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Daniel Wiens , Barbara Hammer

Humanoid robots are expected to operate reliably over long horizons while executing versatile whole-body skills. Yet Reinforcement Learning (RL) motion policies typically lose stability under prolonged operation, sensor/actuator noise, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yang Zhang , Zhanxiang Cao , Buqing Nie , Haoyang Li , Zhong Jiangwei , Qiao Sun , Xiaoyi Hu , Xiaokang Yang , Yue Gao

The progress in the last decade has enabled machine learning models to achieve impressive performance across a wide range of tasks in Computer Vision. However, a plethora of works have demonstrated the susceptibility of these models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-06 B. S. Vivek , R. Venkatesh Babu

Despite the undeniable progress in visual recognition tasks fueled by deep neural networks, there exists recent evidence showing that these models are poorly calibrated, resulting in over-confident predictions. The standard practices of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Balamurali Murugesan , Bingyuan Liu , Adrian Galdran , Ismail Ben Ayed , Jose Dolz

Normalization is a vital process for any machine learning task as it controls the properties of data and affects model performance at large. The impact of particular forms of normalization, however, has so far been investigated in limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Chintan Trivedi , Konstantinos Makantasis , Antonios Liapis , Georgios N. Yannakakis

As powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) are now widely used for numerous practical applications, their safety is of critical importance. While alignment techniques have significantly improved overall safety, LLMs remain vulnerable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Samuel Jacob Chacko , Sajib Biswas , Chashi Mahiul Islam , Fatema Tabassum Liza , Xiuwen Liu

Background: When using deep learning models, there are many possible vulnerabilities and some of the most worrying are the adversarial inputs, which can cause wrong decisions with minor perturbations. Therefore, it becomes necessary to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Francisco Durán López , Silverio Martínez-Fernández , Michael Felderer , Xavier Franch

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained with logistic and softmax losses have made significant advancement in visual recognition tasks in computer vision. When training data exhibit class imbalances, the class-wise reweighted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Xiangrui Li , Xin Li , Deng Pan , Dongxiao Zhu

There has been significant progress in deep reinforcement learning (RL) in recent years. Nevertheless, finding suitable hyperparameter configurations and reward functions remains challenging even for experts, and performance heavily relies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Julian Dierkes , Emma Cramer , Holger H. Hoos , Sebastian Trimpe

PGD-based and FGSM-based are two popular adversarial training (AT) approaches for obtaining adversarially robust models. Compared with PGD-based AT, FGSM-based one is significantly faster but fails with catastrophic overfitting (CO). For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Axi Niu , Kang Zhang , Chaoning Zhang , Chenshuang Zhang , In So Kweon , Chang D. Yoo , Yanning Zhang

Adversarial training is the most successful empirical method for increasing the robustness of neural networks against adversarial attacks. However, the most effective approaches, like training with Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Leo Schwinn , René Raab , Björn Eskofier

Adversarial training, which minimizes the maximal risk for label-preserving input perturbations, has proved to be effective for improving the generalization of language models. In this work, we propose a novel adversarial training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Chen Zhu , Yu Cheng , Zhe Gan , Siqi Sun , Tom Goldstein , Jingjing Liu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become increasingly important due to their excellent empirical performance on a wide range of problems. However, regularization is generally achieved by indirect means, largely due to the complex set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Amal Rannen Triki , Maxim Berman , Matthew B. Blaschko
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