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The recent success of neural network models has shone light on a rather surprising statistical phenomenon: statistical models that perfectly fit noisy data can generalize well to unseen test data. Understanding this phenomenon of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-13 Niladri S. Chatterji , Philip M. Long , Peter L. Bartlett

A recent line of research has shown that gradient-based algorithms with random initialization can converge to the global minima of the training loss for over-parameterized (i.e., sufficiently wide) deep neural networks. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Difan Zou , Quanquan Gu

A fundamental challenge in the theory of deep learning is to understand whether gradient-based training can promote parameters belonging to certain lower-dimensional structures (e.g., sparse or low-rank sets), leading to so-called implicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Sibylle Marcotte , Gabriel Peyré , Rémi Gribonval

Understanding the internal representations and decision mechanisms of deep neural networks remains a critical open challenge. While existing interpretability methods often identify influential input regions, they may not elucidate how a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Farzaneh Mahdisoltani , Saeed Mahdisoltani , Roger B. Grosse , David J. Fleet

Unsupervised learning aims at the discovery of hidden structure that drives the observations in the real world. It is essential for success in modern machine learning. Latent variable models are versatile in unsupervised learning and have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-13 Furong Huang

Understanding whether deep neural networks are effectively optimized remains challenging, as training occurs in highly nonconvex landscapes and standard metrics provide limited visibility into layer-wise learning quality. This challenge is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Arian Eamaz , Farhang Yeganegi , Mojtaba Soltanalian

Finding the optimal configuration of parameters in ResNet is a nonconvex minimization problem, but first-order methods nevertheless find the global optimum in the overparameterized regime. We study this phenomenon with mean-field analysis,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Zhiyan Ding , Shi Chen , Qin Li , Stephen Wright

Group equivariant convolutional neural networks (G-CNNs) are generalizations of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) which excel in a wide range of technical applications by explicitly encoding symmetries, such as rotations and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Hannah Lawrence , Kristian Georgiev , Andrew Dienes , Bobak T. Kiani

We examine the implicit bias of mirror flow in univariate least squares error regression with wide and shallow neural networks. For a broad class of potential functions, we show that mirror flow exhibits lazy training and has the same…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-20 Shuang Liang , Guido Montúfar

Recent advances in the application of physics-informed learning into the field of fluid mechanics have been predominantly grounded in the Newtonian framework, primarly leveraging Navier-Stokes Equation or one of its various derivative to…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-04-25 Hussam Alhussein , Mohammed Daqaq

Different gradient-based methods for optimizing overparameterized models can all achieve zero training error yet converge to distinctly different solutions inducing different generalization properties. We provide the first complete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Chen Fan , Mark Schmidt , Christos Thrampoulidis

In the context of classification problems, Deep Learning (DL) approaches represent state of art. Many DL approaches are based on variations of standard multi-layer feed-forward neural networks. These are also referred to as deep networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Andrea Apicella , Francesco Isgrò , Roberto Prevete

The field of artificial neural network (ANN) training has garnered significant attention in recent years, with researchers exploring various mathematical techniques for optimizing the training process. In particular, this paper focuses on…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-06-23 Arzu Ahmadova

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) represent a very popular class of neural solvers for partial differential equations. In practice, one often employs stochastic gradient descent type algorithms to train the neural network. Therefore,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Bangti Jin , Longjun Wu

Recent results in the literature suggest that the penultimate (second-to-last) layer representations of neural networks that are trained for classification exhibit a clustering property called neural collapse (NC). We study the implicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Tomer Galanti , Liane Galanti , Ido Ben-Shaul

We propose that simple neural networks (NNs) trained on crossing symmetry can reconstruct conformal correlators restricted to a line to remarkable accuracy. The input is minimal: an external scaling dimension, a spectral gap, and the value…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-22 Kausik Ghosh , Sidhaarth Kumar , Vasilis Niarchos , Andreas Stergiou

The implicit bias of neural networks has been extensively studied in recent years. Lyu and Li [2019] showed that in homogeneous networks trained with the exponential or the logistic loss, gradient flow converges to a KKT point of the max…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Gal Vardi , Ohad Shamir , Nathan Srebro

We consider the idealized setting of gradient flow on the population risk for infinitely wide two-layer ReLU neural networks (without bias), and study the effect of symmetries on the learned parameters and predictors. We first describe a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Karl Hajjar , Lenaic Chizat

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown great success in many machine learning tasks. Their training is challenging since the loss surface of the network architecture is generally non-convex, or even non-smooth. How and under what…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Lam M. Nguyen , Trang H. Tran , Marten van Dijk

Fueled by the expressive power of deep neural networks, normalizing flows have achieved spectacular success in generative modeling, or learning to draw new samples from a distribution given a finite dataset of training samples. Normalizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Yuehaw Khoo , Michael Lindsey , Hongli Zhao