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Medical text generation aims to assist with administrative work and highlight salient information to support decision-making. To reflect the specific requirements of medical text, in this paper, we propose a set of metrics to evaluate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Yiqing Xie , Sheng Zhang , Hao Cheng , Pengfei Liu , Zelalem Gero , Cliff Wong , Tristan Naumann , Hoifung Poon , Carolyn Rose

Pre-trained language models such as BERT have exhibited remarkable performances in many tasks in natural language understanding (NLU). The tokens in the models are usually fine-grained in the sense that for languages like English they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Xinsong Zhang , Pengshuai Li , Hang Li

This research presents and compares multiple approaches to automate the generation of literature reviews using several Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with a Large Language Model (LLM).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Nurshat Fateh Ali , Md. Mahdi Mohtasim , Shakil Mosharrof , T. Gopi Krishna

We conduct a large-scale, systematic study to evaluate the existing evaluation methods for natural language generation in the context of generating online product reviews. We compare human-based evaluators with a variety of automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Cristina Garbacea , Samuel Carton , Shiyan Yan , Qiaozhu Mei

This paper presents a novel approach for detecting ChatGPT-generated vs. human-written text using language models. To this end, we first collected and released a pre-processed dataset named OpenGPTText, which consists of rephrased content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Yutian Chen , Hao Kang , Vivian Zhai , Liangze Li , Rita Singh , Bhiksha Raj

The paper focuses on the interpretability of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) evaluation metrics, which received little attention in previous studies. To bridge the gap, we introduce **CLEME2.0**, a reference-based metric describing four…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jingheng Ye , Zishan Xu , Yinghui Li , Linlin Song , Qingyu Zhou , Hai-Tao Zheng , Ying Shen , Wenhao Jiang , Hong-Gee Kim , Ruitong Liu , Xin Su , Zifei Shan

Although automated metrics are commonly used to evaluate NLG systems, they often correlate poorly with human judgements. Newer metrics such as BERTScore have addressed many weaknesses in prior metrics such as BLEU and ROUGE, which rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Ruibo Liu , Jason Wei , Soroush Vosoughi

The GLEU metric was proposed for evaluating grammatical error corrections using n-gram overlap with a set of reference sentences, as opposed to precision/recall of specific annotated errors (Napoles et al., 2015). This paper describes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-05-10 Courtney Napoles , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Matt Post , Joel Tetreault

Automatically evaluating the quality of dialogue responses for unstructured domains is a challenging problem. Unfortunately, existing automatic evaluation metrics are biased and correlate very poorly with human judgements of response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-18 Ryan Lowe , Michael Noseworthy , Iulian V. Serban , Nicolas Angelard-Gontier , Yoshua Bengio , Joelle Pineau

This study pioneers the use of synthetically generated data for training generative models in document-level text simplification of German texts. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with real-world online texts. Addressing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Lars Klöser , Mika Beele , Jan-Niklas Schagen , Bodo Kraft

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the development of language models capable of generating text with controllable attributes. While several approaches have been proposed, many of these methods require condition-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Shangda Wu , Maosong Sun

PURPOSE OR GOAL: This study investigates how GenAI can be integrated with a criterion-referenced grading framework to improve the efficiency and quality of grading for mathematical assessments in engineering. It specifically explores the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Lili Chen , Winn Wing-Yiu Chow , Stella Peng , Bencheng Fan , Sachitha Bandara

The quality of automatic metrics for machine translation has been increasingly called into question, especially for high-quality systems. This paper demonstrates that, while choice of metric is important, the nature of the references is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Markus Freitag , David Grangier , Isaac Caswell

Language Models (LMs) continue to advance, improving response quality and coherence. Given Internet-scale training datasets, LMs have likely encountered much of what users may ask them to generate in some form during their training. A…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Michael Majurski , Cynthia Matuszek

Recent advances in large language models and vision-language models have led to growing interest in explainable evaluation metrics for image captioning. However, these metrics generate explanations without standardized criteria, and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Hyunjong Kim , Sangyeop Kim , Jongheon Jeong , Yeongjae Cho , Sungzoon Cho

Traditional evaluation metrics like BLEU and ROUGE fall short when capturing the nuanced qualities of generated text, particularly when there is no single ground truth. In this paper, we explore the potential of Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Manav Chaudhary , Harshit Gupta , Savita Bhat , Vasudeva Varma

As the text generation capabilities of large language models become increasingly prominent, recent studies have focused on controlling particular aspects of the generated text to make it more personalized. However, most research on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Bashar Alhafni , Vivek Kulkarni , Dhruv Kumar , Vipul Raheja

Accurate evaluation is central to the large language model (LLM) ecosystem, guiding model selection and downstream adoption across diverse use cases. In practice, however, evaluating generative outputs typically relies on rigid lexical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Hippolyte Gisserot-Boukhlef , Nicolas Boizard , Emmanuel Malherbe , Céline Hudelot , Pierre Colombo

Human ratings are one of the most prevalent methods to evaluate the performance of natural language processing algorithms. Similarly, it is common to measure the quality of sentences generated by a natural language generation model using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Jakob Nyberg , Ramesh Manuvinakurike , Maike Paetzel-Prüsmann

It is important to define meaningful and interpretable automatic evaluation metrics for open-domain dialog research. Standard language generation metrics have been shown to be ineffective for dialog. This paper introduces the FED metric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Shikib Mehri , Maxine Eskenazi