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While reinforcement learning has achieved considerable successes in recent years, state-of-the-art models are often still limited by the size of state and action spaces. Model-free reinforcement learning approaches use some form of state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Paul J. Pritz , Liang Ma , Kin K. Leung

Autonomous robots operating in dynamic environments must maintain beliefs over a hypothesis space that is rich enough to represent the activities of interest at different scales. This is important both in order to accommodate the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-07-26 Majd Hawasly , Florian T. Pokorny , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

Learning continually and online from a continuous stream of data is challenging, especially for a reinforcement learning agent with sequential data. When the environment only provides observations giving partial information about the state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Amir Samani , Richard S. Sutton

Latent-state environments with long horizons, such as those faced by recommender systems, pose significant challenges for reinforcement learning (RL). In this work, we identify and analyze several key hurdles for RL in such environments,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Martin Mladenov , Ofer Meshi , Jayden Ooi , Dale Schuurmans , Craig Boutilier

Thompson sampling has proven effective across a wide range of stationary bandit environments. However, as we demonstrate in this paper, it can perform poorly when applied to non-stationary environments. We attribute such failures to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Yueyang Liu , Xu Kuang , Benjamin Van Roy

A key approach to state abstraction is approximating behavioral metrics (notably, bisimulation metrics) in the observation space and embedding these learned distances in the representation space. While promising for robustness to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Ziyan Luo , Tianwei Ni , Pierre-Luc Bacon , Doina Precup , Xujie Si

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms can suffer from poor sample efficiency when rewards are delayed and sparse. We introduce a solution that enables agents to learn temporally extended actions at multiple levels of abstraction in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Andrew Levy , Robert Platt , Kate Saenko

Transferring representation for multitask imitation learning has the potential to provide improved sample efficiency on learning new tasks, when compared to learning from scratch. In this work, we provide a statistical guarantee indicating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Bryan Chan , Karime Pereida , James Bergstra

Robust reinforcement learning agents using high-dimensional observations must be able to identify relevant state features amidst many exogeneous distractors. A representation that captures controllability identifies these state elements by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Max Rudolph , Caleb Chuck , Kevin Black , Misha Lvovsky , Scott Niekum , Amy Zhang

In this paper we present the extension of an existing method for abstract graph-based state space exploration, called neighbourhood abstraction, with a reduction technique based on subsumption. Basically, one abstract state subsumes another…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-10-25 Eduardo Zambon , Arend Rensink

Reinforcement learning in partially observable environments is typically challenging, as it requires agents to learn an estimate of the underlying system state. These challenges are exacerbated in multi-agent settings, where agents learn…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Paul J. Pritz , Kin K. Leung

Conventional state representations in reinforcement learning often omit critical task-related details, presenting a significant challenge for value networks in establishing accurate mappings from states to task rewards. Traditional methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Boyuan Wang , Yun Qu , Yuhang Jiang , Jianzhun Shao , Chang Liu , Wenming Yang , Xiangyang Ji

In reinforcement learning, state representations are used to tractably deal with large problem spaces. State representations serve both to approximate the value function with few parameters, but also to generalize to newly encountered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Charline Le Lan , Stephen Tu , Adam Oberman , Rishabh Agarwal , Marc G. Bellemare

Deeply-learned planning methods are often based on learning representations that are optimized for unrelated tasks. For example, they might be trained on reconstructing the environment. These representations are then combined with predictor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Hlynur Davíð Hlynsson , Merlin Schüler , Robin Schiewer , Tobias Glasmachers , Laurenz Wiskott

To achieve the ambitious goals of artificial intelligence, reinforcement learning must include planning with a model of the world that is abstract in state and time. Deep learning has made progress with state abstraction, but temporal…

Learning abstractions directly from data is a core challenge in robotics. Humans naturally operate at an abstract level, reasoning over high-level subgoals while delegating execution to low-level motor skills -- an ability that enables…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Abhiroop Ajith , Constantinos Chamzas

Reinforcement learning systems are often concerned with balancing exploration of untested actions against exploitation of actions that are known to be good. The benefit of exploration can be estimated using the classical notion of Value of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-30 Richard Dearden , Nir Friedman , David Andre

We consider the problem of building a state representation model in a continual fashion. As the environment changes, the aim is to efficiently compress the sensory state's information without losing past knowledge. The learned features are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Hugo Caselles-Dupré , Michael Garcia-Ortiz , David Filliat

In this paper we introduce a simple approach for exploration in reinforcement learning (RL) that allows us to develop theoretically justified algorithms in the tabular case but that is also extendable to settings where function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Marlos C. Machado , Marc G. Bellemare , Michael Bowling

Goal-conditioned planning benefits from learned low-dimensional representations of rich observations. While compact latent representations typically learned from variational autoencoders or inverse dynamics enable goal-conditioned decision…