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Examining the behavior of multi-agent systems is vitally important to many emerging distributed applications - game theory has emerged as a powerful tool set in which to do so. The main approach of game-theoretic techniques is to model…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Rohit Konda , Rahul Chandan , Jason Marden

We study the open question of how players learn to play a social optimum pure-strategy Nash equilibrium (PSNE) through repeated interactions in general-sum coordination games. A social optimum of a game is the stable Pareto-optimal state…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Duong Nguyen , Langford White , Hung Nguyen

Motivated by the scarcity of accurate payoff feedback in practical applications of game theory, we examine a class of learning dynamics where players adjust their choices based on past payoff observations that are subject to noise and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-06-03 Mario Bravo , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

Self-play is a technique for machine learning in multi-agent systems where a learning algorithm learns by interacting with copies of itself. Self-play is useful for generating large quantities of data for learning, but has the drawback that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Revan MacQueen , James R. Wright

In multi-agent reinforcement learning, the behaviors that agents learn in a single Markov Game (MG) are typically confined to the given agent number. Every single MG induced by varying the population may possess distinct optimal joint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Shenao Zhang , Li Shen , Lei Han , Li Shen

Standard reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) approaches relying on parametric models like the Bradley-Terry model fall short in capturing the intransitivity and irrationality in human preferences. Recent advancements suggest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yue Wu , Zhiqing Sun , Huizhuo Yuan , Kaixuan Ji , Yiming Yang , Quanquan Gu

We study the computational complexity of solving stochastic games with mean-payoff objectives. Instead of identifying special classes in which simple strategies are sufficient to play $\epsilon$-optimally, or form $\epsilon$-Nash…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Sougata Bose , Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen , Patrick Totzke

We propose a reinforcement learning algorithm for stationary mean-field games, where the goal is to learn a pair of mean-field state and stationary policy that constitutes the Nash equilibrium. When viewing the mean-field state and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Qiaomin Xie , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Andreea Minca

Finding optimal policies which maximize long term rewards of Markov Decision Processes requires the use of dynamic programming and backward induction to solve the Bellman optimality equation. However, many real-world problems require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Mridul Agarwal , Vaneet Aggarwal

The empirical success of Multi-agent reinforcement learning is encouraging, while few theoretical guarantees have been revealed. In this work, we prove that the plug-in solver approach, probably the most natural reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Qiwen Cui , Lin F. Yang

Multi-agent games in dynamic nonlinear settings are challenging due to the time-varying interactions among the agents and the non-stationarity of the (potential) Nash equilibria. In this paper we consider model-free games, where agent…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-24 Eduardo Sebastián , Maitrayee Keskar , Eeman Iqbal , Eduardo Montijano , Carlos Sagüés , Nikolay Atanasov

This paper considers two-player zero-sum finite-horizon Markov games with simultaneous moves. The study focuses on the challenging settings where the value function or the model is parameterized by general function classes. Provably…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Baihe Huang , Jason D. Lee , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang

We study infinite-horizon discounted two-player zero-sum Markov games, and develop a decentralized algorithm that provably converges to the set of Nash equilibria under self-play. Our algorithm is based on running an Optimistic Gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Chen-Yu Wei , Chung-Wei Lee , Mengxiao Zhang , Haipeng Luo

Feedback Nash equilibrium strategies in multi-agent dynamic games require availability of all players' state information to compute control actions. However, in real-world scenarios, sensing and communication limitations between agents make…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Xinjie Liu , Jingqi Li , Filippos Fotiadis , Mustafa O. Karabag , Jesse Milzman , David Fridovich-Keil , Ufuk Topcu

This paper explores advanced topics in complex multi-agent systems building upon our previous work. We examine four fundamental challenges in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL): non-stationarity, partial observability, scalability…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Neil De La Fuente , Miquel Noguer i Alonso , Guim Casadellà

Reinforcement learning means finding the optimal course of action in Markovian environments without knowledge of the environment's dynamics. Stochastic optimization algorithms used in the field rely on estimates of the value of a policy.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-25 Leonid Peshkin , Sayan Mukherjee

We study online reinforcement learning in average-reward stochastic games (SGs). An SG models a two-player zero-sum game in a Markov environment, where state transitions and one-step payoffs are determined simultaneously by a learner and an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Chen-Yu Wei , Yi-Te Hong , Chi-Jen Lu

In game-theoretic learning, several agents are simultaneously following their individual interests, so the environment is non-stationary from each player's perspective. In this context, the performance of a learning algorithm is often…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Yu-Guan Hsieh , Kimon Antonakopoulos , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

Reinforcement-based learning has attracted considerable attention both in modeling human behavior as well as in engineering, for designing measurement- or payoff-based optimization schemes. Such learning schemes exhibit several advantages,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Georgios C. Chasparis

Many reality tasks such as robot coordination can be naturally modelled as multi-agent cooperative system where the rewards are sparse. This paper focuses on learning decentralized policies for such tasks using sub-optimal demonstration. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Peixi Peng , Junliang Xing