Related papers: Temperaturskalan och Boltzmanns konstant
In the electronic measurement of the Boltzmann constant based on Johnson noise thermometry, the ratio of the power spectral densities of thermal noise across a resistor at the triple point of water, and pseudo-random noise synthetically…
A paradigm shift in quantum thermometry is proposed. To date, thermometry has relied on local estimation, which is useful to reduce statistical fluctuations once the temperature is very well known. In order to estimate temperatures in cases…
Several consecutive experiments with specifically built set-up are described. Performing of the consecutive experimental tasks enables possibility to determine Boltzmann's constant $k_\mathrm{_B}$. The fluctuations of the voltage $U(t)$ of…
The relativistic Boltzmann equation for a single particle species generally implies a fixed, unchangeable equation of state that corresponds to that of an ideal gas. Real-world systems typically have more complicated equation of state which…
We investigate a Boltzmann gas at equilibrium with its center of mass moving on a circular geodesics in the Schwarzschild field. As a consequence of Tolman's law we find that a central comoving observer measures oscillations of the…
Accurate prediction of electron temperature ($T_{\rm e}$) in non-equilibrium {plasma} flows is critical, yet hampered by inadequate models for electron heating from vibrationally excited states. Prior models often relied on ad-hoc scaling…
Specific heat per particle ($c_v$) of an ideal gas, in many occasions, is interpreted as energy fluctuation per particle ($\triangle\epsilon^2$) of the ideal gas through the relation: $\triangle\epsilon^2=kT^2c_v$, where $k$ is the…
Recent progress in the synthesis and processing of nano-structured materials and systems calls for an improved understanding of thermal properties on small length scales. In this context, the question whether thermodynamics and, in…
The Equation of State of Quantum Chromodynamics with $N_f=3$ flavours is determined non-perturbatively with a precision of about $0.5\%-1.0\%$ in the range of temperatures between 3 GeV and 165 GeV. The computation is carried out by…
We consider a gas in a horizontal slab, in which the top and bottom walls are kept at different temperatures. The system is described by the Boltzmann equation (BE) with Maxwellian boundary conditions specifying the wall temperatures. We…
We are used to measure temperature with a thermometer and we know from everyday life that different types of thermometers measure the same temperature. This experience can be based on equilibrium thermodynamics, which explains the…
We review the general aspects of the concept of temperature in equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Although temperature is an old and well-established notion, it still presents controversial facets. After a short…
In algebraic quantum field theory the (inverse) temperature is shown to be a macroscopic \textit{order parameter} to parametrize mutually disjoint thermal \textit{sectors} arising from the \textit{broken scale invariance} under…
We determine quantum precision limits for estimation of damping constants and temperature of lossy bosonic channels. A direct application would be the use of light for estimation of the absorption and the temperature of a transparent slab.…
It has recurrently been proposed that the Boltzmann textbook definition of entropy $S(E)=k\ln \Omega (E)$ in terms of the number of microstates $\Omega (E)$ with energy $E$ should be replaced by the expression $S_G(E)=k\ln \sum_{E^\prime…
Temperature in a simple thermodynamical system is not limited from above. It is also widely believed that it does not make sense talking about temperatures higher than the Planck temperature in the absence of the full theory of quantum…
Classical thermodynamics treats temperature as a state variable characterizing systems in equilibrium with idealized infinite reservoirs. We argue that this framing, while computationally exact, obscures an essential physical reality: any…
While temperature is well understood as an intensive quantity in standard thermodynamics, it is less clear whether the same holds in the presence of strong correlations, especially in the case of quantum systems, which may even display…
We report on a new optical implementation of primary gas thermometry based on laser absorption spectrometry in the near infrared. The method consists in retrieving the Doppler broadening from highly accurate observations of the line shape…
In this work we present a formalism to describe non equilibrium conditions in systems with a discretized energy spectrum, such as quantum systems. We develop a formalism based on a combination of Gibbs-Shannon entropy and information…