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Active inference is a mathematical framework which originated in computational neuroscience as a theory of how the brain implements action, perception and learning. Recently, it has been shown to be a promising approach to the problems of…

Active Inference (AIF) is an emerging framework in the brain sciences which suggests that biological agents act to minimise a variational bound on model evidence. Control-as-Inference (CAI) is a framework within reinforcement learning which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Beren Millidge , Alexander Tschantz , Anil K Seth , Christopher L Buckley

Active inference is a mathematical framework that originated in computational neuroscience. Recently, it has been demonstrated as a promising approach for constructing goal-driven behavior in robotics. Specifically, the active inference…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Mohamed Baioumy , Corrado Pezzato , Riccardo Ferrari , Nick Hawes

The way the brain selects and controls actions is still widely debated. Mainstream approaches based on Optimal Control focus on stimulus-response mappings that optimize cost functions. Ideomotor theory and cybernetics propose a different…

We investigate the application of active inference in developing energy-efficient control agents for manufacturing systems. Active inference, rooted in neuroscience, provides a unified probabilistic framework integrating perception,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yavar Taheri Yeganeh , Mohsen Jafari , Andrea Matta

Optimal control of complex environments with robotic systems faces two complementary and intertwined challenges: efficient organization of sensory state information and far-sighted action planning. Because the reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Abdullah Akgül , Gulcin Baykal , Manuel Haußmann , Mustafa Mert Çelikok , Melih Kandemir

The world consists of objects: distinct entities possessing independent properties and dynamics. For agents to interact with the world intelligently, they must translate sensory inputs into the bound-together features that describe each…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Ruben S. van Bergen , Pablo L. Lanillos

Active inference is a formal approach to study cognition based on the notion that adaptive agents can be seen as engaging in a process of approximate Bayesian inference, via the minimisation of variational and expected free energies.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Filippo Torresan , Keisuke Suzuki , Ryota Kanai , Manuel Baltieri

Active inference is a unifying theory for perception and action resting upon the idea that the brain maintains an internal model of the world by minimizing free energy. From a behavioral perspective, active inference agents can be seen as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Pietro Mazzaglia , Tim Verbelen , Bart Dhoedt

Active inference is a theory that underpins the way biological agent's perceive and act in the real world. At its core, active inference is based on the principle that the brain is an approximate Bayesian inference engine, building an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Ozan Çatal , Samuel Wauthier , Tim Verbelen , Cedric De Boom , Bart Dhoedt

This paper presents a novel approach to Autonomous Vehicle (AV) control through the application of active inference, a theory derived from neuroscience that conceptualizes the brain as a predictive machine. Traditional autonomous driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Elahe Delavari , John Moore , Junho Hong , Jaerock Kwon

Active inference has emerged as an alternative approach to control problems given its intuitive (probabilistic) formalism. However, despite its theoretical utility, computational implementations have largely been restricted to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Aswin Paul , Noor Sajid , Manoj Gopalkrishnan , Adeel Razi

Active Inference is a closed-loop computational theoretical basis for understanding behaviour, based on agents with internal probabilistic generative models that encode their beliefs about how hidden states in their environment cause their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Roderick Murray-Smith , John H. Williamson , Sebastian Stein

Active inference is a state-of-the-art framework in neuroscience that offers a unified theory of brain function. It is also proposed as a framework for planning in AI. Unfortunately, the complex mathematics required to create new models --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Théophile Champion , Marek Grześ , Howard Bowman

More adaptive controllers for robot manipulators are needed, which can deal with large model uncertainties. This paper presents a novel active inference controller (AIC) as an adaptive control scheme for industrial robots. This scheme is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Corrado Pezzato , Riccardo Ferrari , Carlos Hernandez

The active inference framework (AIF) is a promising new computational framework grounded in contemporary neuroscience that can produce human-like behavior through reward-based learning. In this study, we test the ability for the AIF to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-21 Zhizhuo Yang , Gabriel J. Diaz , Brett R. Fajen , Reynold Bailey , Alexander Ororbia

This paper investigates the prospect of developing human-interpretable, explainable artificial intelligence (AI) systems based on active inference and the free energy principle. We first provide a brief overview of active inference, and in…

Active inference is an ambitious theory that treats perception, inference and action selection of autonomous agents under the heading of a single principle. It suggests biologically plausible explanations for many cognitive phenomena,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Martin Biehl , Christian Guckelsberger , Christoph Salge , Simón C. Smith , Daniel Polani

Active inference is a mathematical framework for understanding how agents (biological or artificial) interact with their environments, enabling continual adaptation and decision-making. It combines Bayesian inference and free energy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Rithvik Prakki

Active inference is emerging as a possible unifying theory of perception and action in cognitive and computational neuroscience. On this theory, perception is a process of inferring the causes of sensory data by minimising the error between…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-03-10 Manuel Baltieri , Christopher L. Buckley
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