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Class-imbalanced node classification tasks are prevalent in real-world scenarios. Due to the uneven distribution of nodes across different classes, learning high-quality node representations remains a challenging endeavor. The engineering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Xinyu Guo , Kai Wu , Xiaoyu Zhang , Jing Liu

In computer vision, it is often observed that formulating regression problems as a classification task often yields better performance. We investigate this curious phenomenon and provide a derivation to show that classification, with the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Shihao Zhang , Linlin Yang , Michael Bi Mi , Xiaoxu Zheng , Angela Yao

In order to push the performance on realistic computer vision tasks, the number of classes in modern benchmark datasets has significantly increased in recent years. This increase in the number of classes comes along with increased ambiguity…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-04-14 Maksim Lapin , Matthias Hein , Bernt Schiele

Fully convolutional deep neural networks have been asserted to be fast and precise frameworks with great potential in image segmentation. One of the major challenges in training such networks raises when data is unbalanced, which is common…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-17 Seyed Raein Hashemi , Seyed Sadegh Mohseni Salehi , Deniz Erdogmus , Sanjay P. Prabhu , Simon K. Warfield , Ali Gholipour

Semantic segmentation consists of assigning a semantic label to each pixel according to predefined classes. This process facilitates the understanding of object appearance and spatial relationships, playing an important role in the global…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Mariana Dória Prata Lima , Gilson Antonio Giraldi , Jaime S. Cardoso

We propose a categorical semantics for machine learning algorithms in terms of lenses, parametric maps, and reverse derivative categories. This foundation provides a powerful explanatory and unifying framework: it encompasses a variety of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Geoffrey S. H. Cruttwell , Bruno Gavranovic , Neil Ghani , Paul Wilson , Fabio Zanasi

Collecting labeled data to train deep neural networks is costly and even impractical for many tasks. Thus, research effort has been focused in automatically curated datasets or unsupervised and weakly supervised learning. The common problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-03 Nam Le , Jean-Marc Odobez

A family of loss functions built on pair-based computation have been proposed in the literature which provide a myriad of solutions for deep metric learning. In this paper, we provide a general weighting framework for understanding recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Xun Wang , Xintong Han , Weilin Huang , Dengke Dong , Matthew R. Scott

Embedded spaces are a key feature in deep learning. Good embedded spaces represent the data well to support classification and advanced techniques such as open-set recognition, few-short learning and explainability. This paper presents a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Stefan Scholl

In recent years, the softmax model and its fast approximations have become the de-facto loss functions for deep neural networks when dealing with multi-class prediction. This loss has been extended to language modeling and recommendation,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-19 Ugo Tanielian , Flavian Vasile

Semantic overlap among land-cover categories, highly imbalanced label distributions, and complex inter-class co-occurrence patterns constitute significant challenges for multi-label remote-sensing image retrieval. In this article,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Amna Amir , Erchan Aptoula

Previous work has proposed many new loss functions and regularizers that improve test accuracy on image classification tasks. However, it is not clear whether these loss functions learn better representations for downstream tasks. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Simon Kornblith , Ting Chen , Honglak Lee , Mohammad Norouzi

Loss functions play a pivotal role in optimizing recommendation models. Among various loss functions, Softmax Loss (SL) and Cosine Contrastive Loss (CCL) are particularly effective. Their theoretical connections and differences warrant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Shengjia Zhang , Jiawei Chen , Changdong Li , Sheng Zhou , Qihao Shi , Yan Feng , Chun Chen , Can Wang

The development of deep convolutional neural network architecture is critical to the improvement of image classification task performance. Many image classification studies use deep convolutional neural network and focus on modifying the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Ke Zhang , Yurong Guo , Xinsheng Wang , Dongliang Chang , Zhenbing Zhao , Zhanyu Ma , Tony X. Han

In applications involving matching of image sets, the information from multiple images must be effectively exploited to represent each set. State-of-the-art methods use probabilistic distribution or subspace to model a set and use specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-10-04 Jie Feng , Svebor Karaman , I-Hong Jhuo , Shih-Fu Chang

Training a neural network model for recognizing multiple labels associated with an image, including identifying unseen labels, is challenging, especially for images that portray numerous semantically diverse labels. As challenging as this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Avi Ben-Cohen , Nadav Zamir , Emanuel Ben Baruch , Itamar Friedman , Lihi Zelnik-Manor

Scene classification is a key problem in the interpretation of high-resolution remote sensing imagery. Many state-of-the-art methods, e.g. bag-of-visual-words model and its variants, the topic models as well as deep learning-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-08-03 Jingwen Hu , Gui-Song Xia , Fan Hu , Liangpei Zhang

Contrastive learning has gained popularity and pushes state-of-the-art performance across numerous large-scale benchmarks. In contrastive learning, the contrastive loss function plays a pivotal role in discerning similarities between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Haojin Deng , Yimin Yang

We explore loss functions for fact verification in the FEVER shared task. While the cross-entropy loss is a standard objective for training verdict predictors, it fails to capture the heterogeneity among the FEVER verdict classes. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Yuta Mukobara , Yutaro Shigeto , Masashi Shimbo

Fine-grained remote sensing datasets often use hierarchical label structures to differentiate objects in a coarse-to-fine manner, with each object annotated across multiple levels. However, embedding this semantic hierarchy into the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Jingzhou Chen , Dexin Chen , Fengchao Xiong , Yuntao Qian , Liang Xiao