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Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is often modeled using the framework of Markov games (also called stochastic games or dynamic games). Most of the existing literature on MARL concentrates on zero-sum Markov games but is not…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Jayakumar Subramanian , Amit Sinha , Aditya Mahajan

The analysis of games and sports as complex systems can give insights into the dynamics of human competition, and has been proven useful in soccer, basketball, and other professional sports. In this paper we present a model for dodgeball, a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-01-04 Perrin E. Ruth , Juan G. Restrepo

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently achieved tremendous successes in many artificial intelligence applications. Many of the forefront applications of RL involve multiple agents, e.g., playing chess and Go games, autonomous driving, and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Asuman Ozdaglar , Muhammed O. Sayin , Kaiqing Zhang

As a schematic model of the complexity economic agents are confronted with, we introduce the ``SK-game'', a discrete time binary choice model inspired from mean-field spin-glasses. We show that even in a completely static environment,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-08-27 Jerome Garnier-Brun , Michael Benzaquen , Jean-Philippe Bouchaud

We study a model of strategic coordination based on a class of games with incomplete information known as Global Games. Under the assumption of Poisson-distributed signals and a Gamma prior distribution on state of the system, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-02 Marcos M. Vasconcelos , Behrouz Touri

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) lies at the heart of a plethora of applications involving the interaction of a group of agents in a shared unknown environment. A prominent framework for studying MARL is Markov games, with the goal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Tong Yang , Bo Dai , Lin Xiao , Yuejie Chi

Many real-world multi-agent interactions consider multiple distinct criteria, i.e. the payoffs are multi-objective in nature. However, the same multi-objective payoff vector may lead to different utilities for each participant. Therefore,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Roxana Rădulescu , Timothy Verstraeten , Yijie Zhang , Patrick Mannion , Diederik M. Roijers , Ann Nowé

To achieve general intelligence, agents must learn how to interact with others in a shared environment: this is the challenge of multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL). The simplest form is independent reinforcement learning (InRL), where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Marc Lanctot , Vinicius Zambaldi , Audrunas Gruslys , Angeliki Lazaridou , Karl Tuyls , Julien Perolat , David Silver , Thore Graepel

This paper presents an algorithmic framework for learning robust policies in asymmetric imperfect-information games, where the joint reward could depend on the uncertain opponent type (a private information known only to the opponent itself…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Macheng Shen , Jonathan P. How

The partial alignment and conflict of autonomous agents lead to mixed-motive scenarios in many real-world applications. However, agents may fail to cooperate in practice even when cooperation yields a better outcome. One well known reason…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Shuhui Zhu , Baoxiang Wang , Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian , Pascal Poupart

We introduce an approach to evaluate language model (LM) agency using negotiation games. This approach better reflects real-world use cases and addresses some of the shortcomings of alternative LM benchmarks. Negotiation games enable us to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Tim R. Davidson , Veniamin Veselovsky , Martin Josifoski , Maxime Peyrard , Antoine Bosselut , Michal Kosinski , Robert West

Asymmetric information stochastic games (AISGs) arise in many complex socio-technical systems, such as cyber-physical systems and IT infrastructures. Existing computational methods for AISGs are primarily offline and can not adapt to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Tao Li , Kim Hammar , Rolf Stadler , Quanyan Zhu

Coordinating actions is the most fundamental form of cooperation in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Successful decentralized decision-making often depends not only on good individual actions, but on selecting compatible actions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Nikunj Gupta , James Zachary Hare , Jesse Milzman , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna

Game-theoretic models are effective tools for modeling multi-agent interactions, especially when robots need to coordinate with humans. However, applying these models requires inferring their specifications from observed behaviors -- a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Max Muchen Sun , Pete Trautman , Todd Murphey

Inspired by applications such as supply chain management, epidemics, and social networks, we formulate a stochastic game model that addresses three key features common across these domains: 1) network-structured player interactions, 2)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Sarah H. Q. Li , Lillian J. Ratliff , Peeyush Kumar

Text-based games are a popular testbed for language-based reinforcement learning (RL). In previous work, deep Q-learning is commonly used as the learning agent. Q-learning algorithms are challenging to apply to complex real-world domains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Weichen Li , Rati Devidze , Sophie Fellenz

This work introduces a unified framework for analyzing games in greater depth. In the existing literature, players' strategies are typically assigned scalar values, and equilibrium concepts are used to identify compatible choices. However,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Melih İşeri , Erhan Bayraktar

Stochastic patrol routing is known to be advantageous in adversarial settings; however, the optimal choice of stochastic routing strategy is dependent on a model of the adversary. We adopt a worst-case omniscient adversary model from the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-10 Yohan John , Gilberto Diaz-Garcia , Xiaoming Duan , Jason R. Marden , Francesco Bullo

This paper explores a PAC (probably approximately correct) learning model in cooperative games. Specifically, we are given $m$ random samples of coalitions and their values, taken from some unknown cooperative game; can we predict the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Maria-Florina Balcan , Ariel D. Procaccia , Yair Zick

In multi-agent games, the complexity of the environment can grow exponentially as the number of agents increases, so it is particularly challenging to learn good policies when the agent population is large. In this paper, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Qian Long , Zihan Zhou , Abhibav Gupta , Fei Fang , Yi Wu , Xiaolong Wang