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In the last several decades, the automotive industry has come to incorporate the latest Information and Communications (ICT) technology, increasingly replacing mechanical components of vehicles with electronic components. These electronic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-07-05 Wonsuk Choi , Hyo Jin Jo , Samuel Woo , Ji Young Chun , Jooyoung Park , Dong Hoon Lee

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is used for communication between in-vehicle devices. The CAN bus has been shown to be vulnerable to remote attacks. To harden vehicles against such attacks, vehicle manufacturers have divided in-vehicle…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Efrat Levy , Asaf Shabtai , Bogdan Groza , Pal-Stefan Murvay , Yuval Elovici

The rapid evolution of smart grids requires effective communication protocols to transfer data reliably and securely. Controller Area Network (CAN) is one of the most recognized protocols that offer reliable data transmission in smart grids…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Ayman W. Baharia , Khaled T. Naga , Hesham S. Abdelfattah , Shady A. Maged , Sherif A. Hammad

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is the most common protocol interconnecting the various control units of modern cars. Its vulnerabilities are somewhat known but we argue they are not yet fully explored -- although the protocol is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Giampaolo Bella , Pietro Biondi

With the development of intelligent transportation systems, vehicles are exposed to a complex network environment. As the main network of in-vehicle networks, the controller area network (CAN) has many potential security hazards, resulting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Aiheng Zhang , Qiguang Jiang , Kai Wang , Ming Li

As electronic systems become increasingly complex and prevalent in modern vehicles, securing onboard networks is crucial, particularly as many of these systems are safety-critical. Researchers have demonstrated that modern vehicles are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Chunheng Zhao , Stefano Longari , Michele Carminati , Pierluigi Pisu

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a safety-critical in-vehicle communication protocol that lacks built-in security mechanisms, making intrusion detection essential. Existing approaches predominantly formulate CAN intrusion detection as a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jing Chen , Abhijay Deevi , Onat Gungor , Tajana Rosing

As connectivity between and within vehicles increases, so does concern about safety and security. Various automotive serial protocols are used inside vehicles such as Controller Area Network (CAN), Local Interconnect Network (LIN) and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Emad Aliwa , Omer Rana , Charith Perera , Peter Burnap

The presence of security vulnerabilities in automotive networks has already been shown by various publications in recent years. Due to the specification of the Controller Area Network (CAN) as a broadcast medium without security mechanisms,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Marcel Rumez , Jürgen Dürrwang , Tim Brecht , Timo Steinshorn , Peter Neugebauer , Reiner Kriesten , Eric Sax

Rising complexity of in-vehicle electronics is enabling new capabilities like autonomous driving and active safety. However, rising automation also increases risk of security threats which is compounded by lack of in-built security measures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Shashwat Khandelwal , Eashan Wadhwa , Shreejith Shanker

Modern vehicles contain a few controller area networks (CANs), which allow scores of on-board electronic control units (ECUs) to communicate messages critical to vehicle functions and driver safety. CAN provide a lightweight and reliable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Krzysztof Pawelec , Robert A. Bridges , Frank L. Combs

The national highway traffic safety administration (NHTSA) identified cybersecurity of the automobile systems are more critical than the security of other information systems. Researchers already demonstrated remote attacks on critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Riadul Islam , Maloy K. Devnath , Manar D. Samad , Syed Md Jaffrey Al Kadry

Recent years have seen an exponential rise in complex software-driven functionality in vehicles, leading to a rising number of electronic control units (ECUs), network capabilities, and interfaces. These expanded capabilities also bring-in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Shashwat Khandelwal , Shreejith Shanker

When it comes to in-vehicle networks (IVNs), the controller area network -- CAN -- bus dominates the market; automobiles manufactured and sold around the world depend on the CAN bus for safety-critical communications between various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Brooke Lampe , Weizhi Meng

Modern vehicles are increasingly vulnerable to attacks that exploit network infrastructures, particularly the Controller Area Network (CAN) networks. To effectively counter such threats using contemporary tools like Intrusion Detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Sadek Misto Kirdi , Nicola Scarano , Franco Oberti , Luca Mannella , Stefano Di Carlo , Alessandro Savino

The automotive market is increasingly profitable for cyberattacks with the constant shift toward fully interconnected vehicles. Electronic Control Units (ECUs) installed on cars often operate in a critical and hostile environment. Hence,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Franco Oberti , Ernesto Sanchez , Alessandro Savino , Filippo Parisi , Stefano Di Carlo

Nowadays, vehicles have complex in-vehicle networks (IVNs) with millions of lines of code controlling almost every function in the vehicle including safety-critical functions. It has recently been shown that IVNs are becoming increasingly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Nasser Nowdehi , Wissam Aoudi , Magnus Almgren , Tomas Olovsson

With the development of autonomous vehicle technology, the controller area network (CAN) bus has become the de facto standard for an in-vehicle communication system because of its simplicity and efficiency. However, without any encryption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Thien-Nu Hoang , Daehee Kim

Although ubiquitous in modern vehicles, Controller Area Networks (CANs) lack basic security properties and are easily exploitable. A rapidly growing field of CAN security research has emerged that seeks to detect intrusions on CANs.…

Data for controlling a vehicle is exchanged among Electronic Control Units (ECUs) via in-vehicle network protocols such as the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol. Since these protocols are designed for an isolated network, the protocols…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Sang Uk Sagong , Radha Poovendran , Linda Bushnell