Related papers: Gauge Is More Than Mathematical Redundancy
Gauge invariance is extended to allow to allow for a U(1)-SU(2) mixing term, which can cause a SU(2) deconfining transition.
A non-gauge dynamical system depending on parameters is considered. It is shown that these parameters can have such values that corresponding canonically quantized theory will be gauge invariant. The equations allowing to find these values…
When a theory shall be described at all scales, it is necessary to start from its elementary degrees of freedom. Herein, one possible chain of steps for this purpose will be briefly outlined for the example of a gauge theory, like QCD.…
When analysing a system consisting of both dark matter and dark energy, an often used practice in the literature is to neglect the perturbations in the dark energy component. However, it has recently been argued, through the use of…
This article discusses and explains the Hamiltonian formulation for a class of simple gauge invariant mechanical systems consisting of point masses and idealized rods. The study of these models may be helpful to advanced undergraduate or…
Gauge fields are described on an Riemann-Cartan space-time by means of tensor-valued differential forms and exterior calculus. It is shown that minimal coupling procedure leads to a gauge invariant theory where gauge fields interact with…
The dynamics of gravity can be described by two different systems. The first is the familiar spacetime picture of General Relativity, the other is the conformal picture of Shape Dynamics. We argue that the bulk equivalence of General…
Gauge theory is a theory with constraints and, for that reason, the space of physical states is not a manifold but a stratified space (orbifold) with singularities. The classification of strata for smooth (and generalized) connections is…
The construction of gauge-invariant variables for any order perturbations is discussed. Explicit constructions of the gauge-invariant variables for perturbations to 4th order are shown. From these explicit construction, the recursive…
I point out two of the subtleties referred to in the title. The first is that gauge-invariant magnetic systems may realized under general circumstances, as suggested by a simple theorem. The second subtlety is that care is needed to…
Some issues in the loop variable renormalization group approach to gauge invariant equations for the free fields of the open string are discussed. It had been shown in an earlier paper that this leads to a simple form of the gauge…
Quantum field theory is assumed to be gauge invariant. It is shown that for a Dirac field the assumption of gauge invariance impacts on the way the vacuum state is defined. It is shown that the conventional definition of the vacuum state…
A simple unified closed form derivation of the non-linearities of the Einstein, Yang-Mills and spinless (e.g., chiral) meson systems is given. For the first two, the non-linearities are required by locality and consistency; in all cases,…
We study the gauge invariance of physical observables in holographic theories under the local diffeomorphism. We find that gauge invariance is intimately related to the holographic renormalisation: the local counter terms defined in the…
The concepts of symmetry, symmetry breaking and gauge symmetries are discussed, their operational meaning being displayed by the observables {\em and} the (physical) states. For infinitely extended systems the states fall into physically…
We study the response of quantum many-body systems to coupling some of their degrees of freedom to external gauge fields. This serves to understand the current Green functions and transport properties of interacting many-body systems. Our…
Some conceptual issues concerning general invariant theories, with special emphasis on general relativity, are analyzed. The common assertion that observables must be required to be gauge invariant is examined in the light of the role…
One unusual property of dynamic systems, whose state is characterized by a set of scalar dynamic variables satisfying a system of differential equations of a general form, is considered. This property is related to the behavior of equations…
Irreversibility and acausality of a sub-system are established in exactly soluble harmonic models with reversible and causal dynamics. It is shown that initial conditions, imposed on some dynamical degrees of freedom may break time reversal…
Scale invariance is a central organizing principle in physics, underlying phenomena that range from critical behaviour in statistical mechanics to transport and chaos in nonlinear dynamical systems. Here we present a unified and physically…