Related papers: Gauge Is More Than Mathematical Redundancy
This note focuses the problem of motivating the use of gauge symmetries (being the identity on the observables) from general principles, beyond their practical success, starting from global gauge symmetries and then by emphasizing the…
The paper is devoted to a geometrical interpretation of gauge invariance in terms of the formalism of field theory in compact space-time dimensions [arXiv:0903.3680]. In this formalism, the kinematic information of an interacting elementary…
We consider in detail the problem of gauge dependence that exists in relativistic perturbation theory, going beyond the linear approximation and treating second and higher order perturbations. We first derive some mathematical results…
Quantum field theory is assumed to be gauge invariant. However it is well known that when certain quantities are calculated using perturbation theory the results are not gauge invariant. The non-gauge invariant terms have to be removed in…
We analyze how gauge fixing, which is required by any practical continuum approach to gauge systems, can interfere with the physical symmetries of such systems. In principle, the gauge fixing procedure, which deals with the (unphysical)…
Gauge-invariance is a fundamental concept in physics---known to provide the mathematical justification for all four fundamental forces. In this paper, we provide discrete counterparts to the main gauge theoretical concepts, directly in…
Quantum field theory is assumed to be gauge invariant. However it is well known that when certain quantities are calculated using perturbation theory the results are not gauge invariant. The non-gauge invariant terms have to be removed in…
Gauge-invariant treatments of general-relativistic higher-order perturbations on generic background spacetime is proposed. We show the fact that the linear-order metric perturbation is decomposed into gauge-invariant and gauge-variant…
Dirac field theory is assumed to be gauge invariant. However it is well known that a calculation of the polarization tensor yields a non-gauge invariant result. The reason for this has been shown to be due to the fact that for Dirac theory…
The issue of the gauge invariance of gravitational waves arises if they are produced in the early universe at second-order in perturbation theory. We address it by dividing the discussion about the gauge invariance in three parts: the…
We investigate gauge invariance against phase space shifting in nonequilibrium systems, as represented by time-dependent many-body Hamiltonians that drive an initial ensemble out of thermal equilibrium. The theory gives rise to gauge…
It is shown that gauge theories are most naturally studied via a polar decomposition of the field variable. Gauge transformations may be viewed as those that leave the density invariant but change the phase variable by additive amounts. The…
Construction of the gauge-invariant variables for the linear metric perturbation, which was proposed in the paper [K. Nakamura, arXiv:1101.1147], is discussed through an alternative approach. Our starting point of the construction of the…
Many complex systems satisfy a set of constraints on their degrees of freedom, and at the same time, they are able to work and adapt to different conditions. Here, we describe the emergence of this ability in a simplified model in which the…
The role of the gauge invariance in noncommutative field theory is discussed. A basic introduction to noncommutative geometry and noncommutative field theory is given. Background invariant formulation of Wilson lines is proposed. Duality…
Remarkably we find that for a ring with linear boundary conditions such that the eigenvector and its derivative are continuous, there does not seem to be a way for the well-known de Broglie relation to be gauge invariant. Certain nonlinear…
We introduce functional degrees of freedom by a new gauge principle related to the phase of the wave functional. Thereby, quantum mechanical systems are seen as dissipatively embedded part of a nonlinear classical structure producing…
The aim of the present article is to give physical meaning to the ingredients of standard gauge field theory in the framework of the scale relativity theory. Owing to the principle of the relativity of scales, the scale-space is not…
The boundary values of the time-component of the gauge potential form externally specifiable data characterizing a gauge theory. We point out some consequences such as reduced symmetries, bulk currents for manifolds with disjoint boundaries…
At finite $N$ the ring of gauge invariant operators is not freely generated. For problems of interest in physics, these rings are Cohen--Macaulay and admit a Hironaka decomposition, in which the full invariant ring is a free module over a…