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In this paper we revisit the problem of automatically identifying hate speech in posts from social media. We approach the task using a system based on minimalistic compositional Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). We tested our approach on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Gustavo Henrique Paetzold , Shervin Malmasi , Marcos Zampieri

Detecting implicit hate speech that is not directly hateful remains a challenge. Recent research has attempted to detect implicit hate speech by applying contrastive learning to pre-trained language models such as BERT and RoBERTa, but the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Jaehoon Kim , Seungwan Jin , Sohyun Park , Someen Park , Kyungsik Han

We conduct relatively extensive investigations of automatic hate speech (HS) detection using different state-of-the-art (SoTA) baselines over 11 subtasks of 6 different datasets. Our motivation is to determine which of the recent SoTA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Tosin Adewumi , Sana Sabah Sabry , Nosheen Abid , Foteini Liwicki , Marcus Liwicki

In the day and age of social media, users have become prone to online hate speech. Several attempts have been made to classify hate speech using machine learning but the state-of-the-art models are not robust enough for practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Tashvik Dhamija , Anjum , Rahul Katarya

The pervasiveness of the Internet and social media have enabled the rapid and anonymous spread of Hate Speech content on microblogging platforms such as Twitter. Current EU and US legislation against hateful language, in conjunction with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Chrysoula Themeli , George Giannakopoulos , Nikiforos Pittaras

Social media platforms are increasingly dominated by long-form multimodal content, where harmful narratives are constructed through a complex interplay of audio, visual, and textual cues. While automated systems can flag hate speech with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Girish A. Koushik , Helen Treharne , Diptesh Kanojia

Academic researchers and social media entities grappling with the identification of hate speech face significant challenges, primarily due to the vast scale of data and the dynamic nature of hate speech. Given the ethical and practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Dengyi Liu , Minghao Wang , Andrew G. Catlin

This study uses the cosine similarity ratio, embedding regression, and manual re-annotation to diagnose hate speech classification. We begin by computing cosine similarity ratio on a dataset "Measuring Hate Speech" that contains 135,556…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Xilin Yang

An increasingly common expression of online hate speech is multimodal in nature and comes in the form of memes. Designing systems to automatically detect hateful content is of paramount importance if we are to mitigate its undesirable…

Hate speech is increasingly prevalent online, and its negative outcomes include increased prejudice, extremism, and even offline hate crime. Automatic detection of online hate speech can help us to better understand these impacts. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-10 John D Gallacher

The goal of hate speech detection is to filter negative online content aiming at certain groups of people. Due to the easy accessibility of social media platforms it is crucial to protect everyone which requires building hate speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Irina Bigoulaeva , Viktor Hangya , Iryna Gurevych , Alexander Fraser

White supremacists embrace a radical ideology that considers white people superior to people of other races. The critical influence of these groups is no longer limited to social media; they also have a significant effect on society in many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Hind Saleh Alatawi , Areej Maatog Alhothali , Kawthar Mustafa Moria

Counter narratives - informed responses to hate speech contexts designed to refute hateful claims and de-escalate encounters - have emerged as an effective hate speech intervention strategy. While previous work has proposed automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Jaylen Jones , Lingbo Mo , Eric Fosler-Lussier , Huan Sun

In a hate speech detection model, we should consider two critical aspects in addition to detection performance-bias and explainability. Hate speech cannot be identified based solely on the presence of specific words: the model should be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Jiyun Kim , Byounghan Lee , Kyung-Ah Sohn

Hate speech detection is a crucial area of research in natural language processing, essential for ensuring online community safety. However, detecting implicit hate speech, where harmful intent is conveyed in subtle or indirect ways,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Yumin Kim , Hwanhee Lee

Hate speech is a form of online harassment that involves the use of abusive language, and it is commonly seen in social media posts. This sort of harassment mainly focuses on specific group characteristics such as religion, gender,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Georgios K. Pitsilis

For automatically identifying hate speech and offensive content in tweets, a system based on a classical supervised algorithm only fed with character n-grams, and thus completely language-agnostic, is proposed by the SATLab team. After its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Yves Bestgen

As pointed out by several scholars, current research on hate speech (HS) recognition is characterized by unsystematic data creation strategies and diverging annotation schemata. Subsequently, supervised-learning models tend to generalize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yiping Jin , Leo Wanner , Vishakha Laxman Kadam , Alexander Shvets

Counterspeech has proven to be a powerful tool to combat hate speech online. Previous studies have focused on generating counterspeech conditioned only on specific intents (single attributed). However, a holistic approach considering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Aswini Kumar , Anil Bandhakavi , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Hate speech is a major issue in social networks due to the high volume of data generated daily. Recent works demonstrate the usefulness of machine learning (ML) in dealing with the nuances required to distinguish between hateful posts from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Rafael M. O. Cruz , Woshington V. de Sousa , George D. C. Cavalcanti