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Creating accurate meta-embeddings from pre-trained source embeddings has received attention lately. Methods based on global and locally-linear transformation and concatenation have shown to produce accurate meta-embeddings. In this paper,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Joshua Coates , Danushka Bollegala

This study presents a novel model for invertible sentence embeddings using a residual recurrent network trained on an unsupervised encoding task. Rather than the probabilistic outputs common to neural machine translation models, our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Jeremy Wilkerson

Sequence-to-sequence neural networks have been widely used in language-based applications as they have flexible capabilities to learn various language models. However, when seeking for the optimal language response through trained neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Pierre Colombo , Chouchang Yang , Giovanna Varni , Chloé Clavel

Embedding-based retrieval models have made significant strides in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) techniques for text and multimodal large language models (LLMs) applications. However, when it comes to speech larage language models…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-11 Chunyu Sun , Bingyu Liu , Zhichao Cui , Junhan Shi , Anbin Qi , Tian-hao Zhang , Dinghao Zhou , Lewei Lu

Term-based ranking with pre-trained transformer-based language models has recently gained attention as they bring the contextualization power of transformer models into the highly efficient term-based retrieval. In this work, we examine the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Amin Abolghasemi , Arian Askari , Suzan Verberne

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a common way to ground language models in external documents and up-to-date information. Classical retrieval systems relied on lexical methods such as BM25, which rank documents by term overlap with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Martin Asenov , Kenza Benkirane , Dan Goldwater , Aneiss Ghodsi

We introduce a novel method to enhance cross-language code translation from Fortran to C++ by integrating task-specific embedding alignment into a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) framework. Unlike conventional retrieval approaches that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Manish Bhattarai , Minh Vu , Javier E. Santos , Ismael Boureima , Daniel O' Malley

Recent work has shown that an answer verification step introduced in Transformer-based answer selection models can significantly improve the state of the art in Question Answering. This step is performed by aggregating the embeddings of top…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Zeyu Zhang , Thuy Vu , Alessandro Moschitti

Few-shot learning (FSL) aims to enable models to recognize novel objects or classes with limited labelled data. Feature generators, which synthesize new data points to augment limited datasets, have emerged as a promising solution to this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Heethanjan Kanagalingam , Thenukan Pathmanathan , Navaneethan Ketheeswaran , Mokeeshan Vathanakumar , Mohamed Afham , Ranga Rodrigo

In this paper, we propose a bidimensional attention based recursive autoencoder (BattRAE) to integrate clues and sourcetarget interactions at multiple levels of granularity into bilingual phrase representations. We employ recursive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Biao Zhang , Deyi Xiong , Jinsong Su

Traditional query expansion techniques for addressing vocabulary mismatch problems in information retrieval are context-sensitive and may lead to performance degradation. As an alternative, document expansion research has gained attention,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Jisu Kim , Jinhee Park , Changhyun Jeon , Jungwoo Choi , Keonwoo Kim , Minji Hong , Sehyun Kim

Modern recommender systems perform large-scale retrieval by first embedding queries and item candidates in the same unified space, followed by approximate nearest neighbor search to select top candidates given a query embedding. In this…

Vector embeddings have been tasked with an ever-increasing set of retrieval tasks over the years, with a nascent rise in using them for reasoning, instruction-following, coding, and more. These new benchmarks push embeddings to work for any…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Orion Weller , Michael Boratko , Iftekhar Naim , Jinhyuk Lee

Training effective dense retrieval models typically relies on hard negative (HN) examples mined from large document corpora using methods such as BM25 or cross-encoders, which require full corpus access and expensive index construction. We…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Aarush Sinha

This paper investigates synthetic data generation strategies in developing generative retrieval models for domain-specific corpora, thereby addressing the scalability challenges inherent in manually annotating in-domain queries. We study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Haoyang Wen , Jiang Guo , Yi Zhang , Jiarong Jiang , Zhiguo Wang

Embedding-based retrieval methods construct vector indices to search for document representations that are most similar to the query representations. They are widely used in document retrieval due to low latency and decent recall…

We first present our work in machine translation, during which we used aligned sentences to train a neural network to embed n-grams of different languages into an $d$-dimensional space, such that n-grams that are the translation of each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-05-17 Etter Vincent

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) aims to recognize objects from novel unseen classes without any training data. Recently, structure-transfer based methods are proposed to implement ZSL by transferring structural knowledge from the semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Bo Zhao , Xinwei Sun , Yuan Yao , Yizhou Wang

Millions of repetitive code snippets are submitted to code repositories every day. To search from these large codebases using simple natural language queries would allow programmers to ideate, prototype, and develop easier and faster.…

We propose a training-free approach to improve sentence embeddings leveraging test-time compute by applying generative text models for data augmentation at inference time. Unlike conventional data augmentation that utilises synthetic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Manuel Frank , Haithem Afli