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Various AI safety datasets have been developed to measure LLMs against evolving interpretations of harm. Our evaluation of five recently published open-source safety benchmarks reveals distinct semantic clusters using UMAP dimensionality…

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Despite remarkable advances in Large Language Model capabilities, tool retrieval for agent-based systems remains fundamentally limited by reliance on semantic similarity, which fails to capture functional viability. Current methods often…

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The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) gives rise to ethical concerns about their performance, while opening new avenues for developing toxic language detection techniques. However, LLMs' unethical output and their capability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Xi Chen , Shuo Wang

Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) are excellent at generating synthetic data. However, their performance in sensitive domains such as text detoxification has not received proper attention from the scientific community. This paper explores…

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Architecture erosion has a detrimental effect on maintenance and evolution, as the implementation deviates from the intended architecture. Detecting symptoms of erosion, particularly architectural violations, at an early stage is crucial.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ruiyin Li , Peng Liang , Paris Avgeriou

We analyze sentiment analysis and toxicity detection models to detect the presence of explicit bias against people with disability (PWD). We employ the bias identification framework of Perturbation Sensitivity Analysis to examine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Mukund Srinath , Shomir Wilson

The NPM ecosystem has become a primary target for software supply chain attacks, yet existing detection tools are evaluated in isolation on incompatible datasets, making cross-tool comparison unreliable. We conduct a benchmark-driven…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wenbo Guo , Zhongwen Chen , Zhengzi Xu , Chengwei Liu , Ming Kang , Shiwen Song , Chengyue Liu , Yijia Xu , Weisong Sun , Yang Liu

Federated Instruction Tuning (FIT) enables collaborative instruction tuning of large language models across multiple organizations (clients) in a cross-silo setting without requiring the sharing of private instructions. Recent findings on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Haodong Zhao , Jinming Hu , Zhaomin Wu , Zongru Wu , Wei Du , Junyi Hou , Caibei Zhao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Bingsheng He , Gongshen Liu

Software development is a collaborative task and, hence, involves different persons. Research has shown the relevance of social aspects in the development team for a successful and satisfying project closure. Especially the mood of a team…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Martin Obaidi , Jil Klünder

Sentiment detection in software engineering (SE) has shown promise to support diverse development activities. However, given the diversity of SE platforms, SE-specific sentiment detection tools may suffer in performance in cross-platform…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Gias Uddin , Md Abdullah Al Alamin , Ajoy Das

Toxicity is an increasingly common and severe issue in online spaces. Consequently, a rich line of machine learning research over the past decade has focused on computationally detecting and mitigating online toxicity. These efforts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Wenbo Zhang , Hangzhi Guo , Ian D Kivlichan , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran , Davis Yadav , Amulya Yadav

As modern software systems continue to grow in complexity, triage has become a fundamental process in system operations and maintenance. Triage aims to efficiently prioritize, assign, and assess issues to ensure the reliability of complex…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yongxin Zhao , Shenglin Zhang , Yujia Wu , Yuxin Sun , Yongqian Sun , Dan Pei , Chetan Bansal , Minghua Ma

With the widespread use of toxic language online, platforms are increasingly using automated systems that leverage advances in natural language processing to automatically flag and remove toxic comments. However, most automated systems --…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Austin P Wright , Omar Shaikh , Haekyu Park , Will Epperson , Muhammed Ahmed , Stephane Pinel , Duen Horng Chau , Diyi Yang

Sociodemographic biases are a common problem for natural language processing, affecting the fairness and integrity of its applications. Within sentiment analysis, these biases may undermine sentiment predictions for texts that mention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Shomir Wilson

NSFW (Not Safe for Work) content, in the context of a dialogue, can have severe side effects on users in open-domain dialogue systems. However, research on detecting NSFW language, especially sexually explicit content, within a dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Huachuan Qiu , Shuai Zhang , Hongliang He , Anqi Li , Zhenzhong Lan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks. However, their practical application in high-stake domains, such as fraud and abuse detection, remains an area that requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Joymallya Chakraborty , Wei Xia , Anirban Majumder , Dan Ma , Walid Chaabene , Naveed Janvekar

Bug severity prediction is important in software maintenance, because it helps the development teams to prioritize bugs that have a significant impact on the operation, stability and security of the system. In large software projects bug…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Nafisha Tamanna Nice

Modern software systems are increasingly developed within rapid continuous integration and deployment (CI/CD) pipelines, where ensuring security prior to release presents significant technical and organizational challenges. Traditional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Michael Wienczkowski

We are witnessing a bloom of AI-powered software driven by Large Language Models (LLMs). Although the applications of these LLMs are impressive and seemingly countless, their unreliability hinders adoption. In fact, the tendency of LLMs to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Vincenzo Scotti , Jan Keim , Tobias Hey , Andreas Metzger , Anne Koziolek , Raffaela Mirandola

Traditional static analysis methods struggle to detect semantic design flaws, such as violations of the SOLID principles, which require a strong understanding of object-oriented design patterns and principles. Existing solutions typically…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Fatih Pehlivan , Arçin Ülkü Ergüzen , Sahand Moslemi Yengejeh , Mayasah Lami , Anil Koyuncu