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Online auctions play a central role in online advertising, and are one of the main reasons for the industry's scalability and growth. With great changes in how auctions are being organized, such as changing the second- to first-price…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Djordje Gligorijevic , Tian Zhou , Bharatbhushan Shetty , Brendan Kitts , Shengjun Pan , Junwei Pan , Aaron Flores

In programmatic advertising, ad slots are usually sold using second-price (SP) auctions in real-time. The highest bidding advertiser wins but pays only the second-highest bid (known as the winning price). In SP, for a single item, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Aritra Ghosh , Saayan Mitra , Somdeb Sarkhel , Jason Xie , Gang Wu , Viswanathan Swaminathan

Bid shading plays a crucial role in Real-Time Bidding (RTB) by adaptively adjusting the bid to avoid advertisers overspending. Existing mainstream two-stage methods, which first model bid landscapes and then optimize surplus using…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Yinqiu Huang , Hao Ma , Wenshuai Chen , Zongwei Wang , Shuli Wang , Yongqiang Zhang , Xue Wei , Yinhua Zhu , Haitao Wang , Xingxing Wang

Bid shading has become a standard practice in the digital advertising industry, in which most auctions for advertising (ad) opportunities are now of first price type. Given an ad opportunity, performing bid shading requires estimating not…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yanlin Qu , Ravi Kant , Yan Chen , Brendan Kitts , San Gultekin , Aaron Flores , Jose Blanchet

Since 2019, most ad exchanges and sell-side platforms (SSPs), in the online advertising industry, shifted from second to first price auctions. Due to the fundamental difference between these auctions, demand-side platforms (DSPs) have had…

Traditional auction theory posits that bid value exhibits a positive correlation with the probability of securing the auctioned object in ascending auctions. However, under uncertainty and incomplete information, as is characteristic in…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-12-19 Dipankar Das

This work proposes a bid shading strategy for first-price auctions as a measure-valued optimization problem. We consider a standard parametric form for bid shading and formulate the problem as convex optimization over the joint distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Iman Nodozi , Djordje Gligorijevic , Abhishek Halder

In display ad auctions of Real-Time Bid-ding (RTB), a typical Demand-Side Platform (DSP)bids based on the predicted probability of click and conversion right after an ad impression. Recent studies find such a strategy is suboptimal and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Daisuke Moriwaki , Yuta Hayakawa , Akira Matsui , Yuta Saito , Isshu Munemasa , Masashi Shibata

Online bidding and auction are crucial aspects of the online advertising industry. Conventionally, there is only one slot for ad display and most current studies focus on it. Nowadays, multi-slot display advertising is gradually becoming…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Zhen Gong , Lvyin Niu , Yang Zhao , Miao Xu , Zhenzhe Zheng , Haoqi Zhang , Zhilin Zhang , Fan Wu , Rongquan Bai , Chuan Yu , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng

Conventional bidding strategies for online display ad auction heavily relies on observed performance indicators such as clicks or conversions. A bidding strategy naively pursuing these easily observable metrics, however, fails to optimize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Daisuke Moriwaki , Yuta Hayakawa , Isshu Munemasa , Yuta Saito , Akira Matsui

In this paper, we deal with the uncertainty of bidding for display advertising. Similar to the financial market trading, real-time bidding (RTB) based display advertising employs an auction mechanism to automate the impression level media…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-23 Haifeng Zhang , Weinan Zhang , Yifei Rong , Kan Ren , Wenxin Li , Jun Wang

Maximizing utility with a budget constraint is the primary goal for advertisers in real-time bidding (RTB) systems. The policy maximizing the utility is referred to as the optimal bidding strategy. Earlier works on optimal bidding strategy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Aritra Ghosh , Saayan Mitra , Somdeb Sarkhel , Viswanathan Swaminathan

Real-time bidding (RTB) has become one of the largest online advertising markets in the world. Today the bid price per ad impression is typically decided by the expected value of how it can lead to a desired action event (e.g., registering…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-16 Jian Xu , Xuhui Shao , Jianjie Ma , Kuang-chih Lee , Hang Qi , Quan Lu

This research focuses on the bid optimization problem in the real-time bidding setting for online display advertisements, where an advertiser, or the advertiser's agent, has access to the features of the website visitor and the type of ad…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Rui Fan , Erick Delage

Real-time bidding is the new paradigm of programmatic advertising. An advertiser wants to make the intelligent choice of utilizing a \textbf{Demand-Side Platform} to improve the performance of their ad campaigns. Existing approaches are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Yining Lu , Changjie Lu , Naina Bandyopadhyay , Manoj Kumar , Gaurav Gupta

Real-time bidding (RTB) has become a major paradigm of display advertising. Each ad impression generated from a user visit is auctioned in real time, where demand-side platform (DSP) automatically provides bid price usually relying on the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Zhimeng Jiang , Kaixiong Zhou , Mi Zhang , Rui Chen , Xia Hu , Soo-Hyun Choi

Real-time bidding (RTB) based display advertising has become one of the key technological advances in computational advertising. RTB enables advertisers to buy individual ad impressions via an auction in real-time and facilitates the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Kan Ren , Weinan Zhang , Ke Chang , Yifei Rong , Yong Yu , Jun Wang

We introduce several new estimation methods that leverage shape constraints in auction models to estimate various objects of interest, including the distribution of a bidder's valuations, the bidder's ex ante expected surplus, and the…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-12-17 Joris Pinkse , Karl Schurter

Online advertising systems typically use a cascaded architecture to manage massive requests and candidate volumes, where the ranking stages allocate traffic based on eCPM (predicted CTR $\times$ Bid). With the increasing popularity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Bin Liu , Yunfei Liu , Ziru Xu , Zhaoyu Zhou , Zhi Kou , Yeqiu Yang , Han Zhu , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng

Real-time bidding (RTB) has become a critical way of online advertising. In RTB, an advertiser can participate in bidding ad impressions to display its advertisements. The advertiser determines every impression's bidding price according to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Mengjuan Liu , Jinyu Liu , Zhengning Hu , Yuchen Ge , Xuyun Nie
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