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Automated detection of contraband items in X-ray images can significantly increase public safety, by enhancing the productivity and alleviating the mental load of security officers in airports, subways, customs/post offices, etc. The large…

The automatic diagnosis of chest diseases is a popular and challenging task. Most current methods are based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which focus on local features while neglecting global features. Recently, self-attention…

Pneumonia, caused by bacteria and viruses, is a rapidly spreading viral infection with global implications. Prompt identification of infected individuals is crucial for containing its transmission. This study explores the potential of…

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are being used to solve a wide range of problems in many domains including safety-critical domains like self-driving cars and medical imagery. DNNs suffer from vulnerability against adversarial attacks. In the…

In recent years Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable results and even showed super-human capabilities in a broad range of domains. This led people to trust in DNNs' classifications and resulting actions even in…

The exponential increase in COVID-19 patients is overwhelming healthcare systems across the world. With limited testing kits, it is impossible for every patient with respiratory illness to be tested using conventional techniques (RT-PCR).…

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) strategies play a crucial part in increasing the understanding and trustworthiness of neural networks. Nonetheless, these techniques could potentially generate misleading explanations. Blinding…

Fairness-aware graph neural networks (GNNs) have gained a surge of attention as they can reduce the bias of predictions on any demographic group (e.g., female) in graph-based applications. Although these methods greatly improve the…

The ability to predict lung and heart based diseases using deep learning techniques is central to many researchers, particularly in the medical field around the world. In this paper, we present a unique outlook of a very familiar problem of…

Despite the great achievements of deep neural networks (DNNs), the vulnerability of state-of-the-art DNNs raises security concerns of DNNs in many application domains requiring high reliability.We propose the fault sneaking attack on DNNs,…

Although Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been widely applied in various real-world scenarios, they remain vulnerable to adversarial examples. Adversarial attacks in computer vision can be categorized into digital attacks and physical…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have gained prominence in various applications, such as classification, recognition, and prediction, prompting increased scrutiny of their properties. A fundamental attribute of traditional DNNs is their…

In late 2019 and after COVID-19 pandemic in the world, many researchers and scholars have tried to provide methods for detection of COVID-19 cases. Accordingly, this study focused on identifying COVID-19 cases from chest X-ray images. In…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown huge superiority over humans in image recognition, speech processing, autonomous vehicles and medical diagnosis. However, recent studies indicate that DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial examples (AEs),…

Since, cancer is curable when diagnosed at an early stage, lung cancer screening plays an important role in preventive care. Although both low dose computed tomography (LDCT) and computed tomography (CT) scans provide more medical…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The multiple chest x-ray datasets released in the last years have ground-truth labels intended for different computer vision tasks, suggesting that performance in automated chest-xray interpretation might improve…

From tiny pacemaker chips to aircraft collision avoidance systems, the state-of-the-art Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) have increasingly started to rely on Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). However, as concluded in various studies, DNNs are highly…

Chest radiography is a relatively cheap, widely available medical procedure that conveys key information for making diagnostic decisions. Chest X-rays are almost always used in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases such as pneumonia or the…

We consider the problem of abnormality localization for clinical applications. While deep learning has driven much recent progress in medical imaging, many clinical challenges are not fully addressed, limiting its broader usage. While…

Deep neural networks have become the driving force of modern image recognition systems. However, the vulnerability of neural networks against adversarial attacks poses a serious threat to the people affected by these systems. In this paper,…