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Knowledge of what spatial elements of medical images deep learning methods use as evidence is important for model interpretability, trustiness, and validation. There is a lack of such techniques for models in regression tasks. We propose a…

X-ray dark-field radiography provides complementary diagnostic information to conventional attenuation imaging by visualizing microstructural tissue changes through small-angle scattering. However, the limited availability of such data…

Image denoising can remove natural noise that widely exists in images captured by multimedia devices due to low-quality imaging sensors, unstable image transmission processes, or low light conditions. Recent works also find that image…

Modern autonomous vehicles adopt state-of-the-art DNN models to interpret the sensor data and perceive the environment. However, DNN models are vulnerable to different types of adversarial attacks, which pose significant risks to the…

Motivation: Traditional image attribution methods struggle to satisfactorily explain predictions of neural networks. Prediction explanation is important, especially in medical imaging, for avoiding the unintended consequences of deploying…

A critical step in the fight against COVID-19, which continues to have a catastrophic impact on peoples lives, is the effective screening of patients presented in the clinics with severe COVID-19 symptoms. Chest radiography is one of the…

The global challenge in chest radiograph X-ray (CXR) abnormalities often being misdiagnosed is primarily associated with perceptual errors, where healthcare providers struggle to accurately identify the location of abnormalities, rather…

Artificial neural network (ANN) ability to learn, correct errors, and transform a large amount of raw data into useful medical decisions for treatment and care have increased its popularity for enhanced patient safety and quality of care.…

Thanks to recent advances in deep neural networks (DNNs), face recognition systems have become highly accurate in classifying a large number of face images. However, recent studies have found that DNNs could be vulnerable to adversarial…

Recent studies proved that deep learning approaches achieve remarkable results on face detection task. On the other hand, the advances gave rise to a new problem associated with the security of the deep convolutional neural network models…

With the increasing amount of available data and advances in computing capabilities, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been successfully employed to solve challenging tasks in various areas, including healthcare, climate, and finance.…

Detecting malignant pulmonary nodules at an early stage can allow medical interventions which may increase the survival rate of lung cancer patients. Using computer vision techniques to detect nodules can improve the sensitivity and the…

Medical images from different healthcare centers exhibit varied data distributions, posing significant challenges for adapting lung nodule detection due to the domain shift between training and application phases. Traditional unsupervised…

Being one of the most common diagnostic imaging tests, chest radiography requires timely reporting of potential findings in the images. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end architecture for abnormal chest X-ray identification using…

While many studies have assessed the fairness of AI algorithms in the medical field, the causes of differences in prediction performance are often unknown. This lack of knowledge about the causes of bias hampers the efficacy of bias…

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to severely undermine the prosperity of the global health system. To combat this pandemic, effective screening techniques for infected patients are indispensable. There is no doubt that the use of chest X-ray…

Nowadays, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) report state-of-the-art results in many machine learning areas, including intrusion detection. Nevertheless, recent studies in computer vision have shown that DNNs can be vulnerable to adversarial…

Deep neural networks have become widely used, obtaining remarkable results in domains such as computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, audio recognition, social network filtering, machine translation, and…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are found to be vulnerable against adversarial examples, which are carefully crafted inputs with a small magnitude of perturbation aiming to induce arbitrarily incorrect predictions. Recent studies show that…

Image translation based on a generative adversarial network (GAN-IT) is a promising method for the precise localization of abnormal regions in chest X-ray images (AL-CXR) even without the pixel-level annotation. However, heterogeneous…