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The design of the optimal inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) to compensate the quantization error is proposed for effective lossy image compression in this work. The forward and inverse DCTs are designed in pair in current image/video…
Compression-based similarity measures are effectively employed in applications on diverse data types with a basically parameter-free approach. Nevertheless, there are problems in applying these techniques to medium-to-large datasets which…
One of the three X-ray detectors of the CAST experiment searching for solar axions is a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with a multi-wire proportional counter (MWPC) as a readout structure. Its design has been optimized to provide high…
Twin entangled beams produced by single-pass parametric down-conversion (PDC) offer the opportunity to detect weak amount of absorption with an improved sensitivity with respect to standard techniques which make use of classical light…
In this article, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally how one can exploit correlations generated in monolithic semiconductor quantum light sources to enhance the performance of optical target detection. A prototype target…
CT image-guided thermal ablation is widely used for lung cancer treatment; however, follow-up data indicate that physicians' subjective assessments of intraoperative images often overestimate the ablation effect, potentially leading to…
With the growing technology of photon-counting detectors (PCD), spectral CT is a widely concerned topic which has the potential of material differentiation. However, due to some non-ideal factors such as cross talk and pulse pile-up of the…
Spectral CT is an emerging modality that uses a data acquisition scheme with varied spectral responses to provide enhanced material discrimination in addition to the structural information of conventional CT. Existing clinical and…
Purpose: This study proposes a systematic method for determining the optimal x-ray tube settings/energy windows and fluence for minimal noise and maximum CNR in material density images obtained from DECT scans by fixing the subject size and…
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) allows images to be compared across sites and time points, which is particularly important for assessing long-term conditions or for longitudinal studies. The multiparametric mapping (MPM)…
Transformers are very powerful tools for a variety of tasks across domains, from text generation to image captioning. However, transformers require substantial amounts of training data, which is often a challenge in biomedical settings,…
In recent years, learned image compression methods have demonstrated superior rate-distortion performance compared to traditional image compression methods. Recent methods utilize convolutional neural networks (CNN), variational…
Compared with conventional single-energy computed tomography (CT), dual-energy CT (DECT) provides better material differentiation but most DECT imaging systems require dual full-angle projection data at different X-ray spectra. Relaxing the…
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential medical tool with inherently slow data acquisition process. Slow acquisition process requires patient to be long time exposed to scanning apparatus. In recent years significant efforts are…
This work reports numerical simulations and statistical tests carried out to study the performance of a prototype imaging setup to be developed for material discrimination using Muon Scattering Tomography (MST). The reconstructed images…
Variational algorithms are a promising paradigm for utilizing near-term quantum devices for modeling electronic states of molecular systems. However, previous bounds on the measurement time required have suggested that the application of…
How to evaluate and compare image quality from different sub-micrometer (sub$\mu$) CT scans? A simple test phantom made of polymer microbeads is used for recording projection images as well as 13 CT scans in a number of commercial and…
We experimentally map the transverse profile of diffraction-limited beams using photon-number-resolving detectors. We observe strong compression of diffracted beam profiles for high detected photon number. This effect leads to higher…
Background: Dual-energy imaging on cone-beam CT (CBCT) scanners has great potential in different clinical applications, including image-guided surgery and adaptive proton therapy. However, the clinical practice of dual-energy CBCT (DE-CBCT)…
Multispectral computed tomography (CT) enables advanced material characterization by acquiring energy-resolved projection data. However, since the incoming X-ray flux is be distributed across multiple narrow energy bins, the photon count…