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Type 1 Diabetes is a chronic autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, resulting in little to no insulin production. Insulin helps glucose in your blood enter your…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-04 Soon Jynn Chu , Nalaka Amarasiri , Sandesh Giri , Priyata Kafle

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease leading to insulin insufficiency. Thus, patients require lifelong insulin therapy, which has a side effect of hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is a critical state of decreased blood glucose levels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Beyza Cinar , Louisa van den Boom , Maria Maleshkova

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated success in automating insulin dosing in simulated type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients but is currently unable to incorporate patient expertise and preference. This work introduces PAINT (Preference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Harry Emerson , Sam Gordon James , Matthew Guy , Ryan McConville

Patients with diabetes who are self-monitoring have to decide right before each meal how much insulin they should take. A standard bolus advisor exists, but has never actually been proven to be optimal in any sense. We challenged this rule…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-24 Frédéric Logé , Erwan Le Pennec , Habiboulaye Amadou-Boubacar

We present a fully closed-loop design for an artificial pancreas (AP) which regulates the delivery of insulin for the control of Type I diabetes. Our AP controller operates in a fully automated fashion, without requiring any manual…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-09-29 Nicola Paoletti , Kin Sum Liu , Scott A. Smolka , Shan Lin

Effective management of Type 1 Diabetes requires continuous glucose monitoring and precise insulin adjustments to prevent hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. With the growing adoption of wearable glucose monitors and mobile health applications,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Giorgia Rigamonti , Mirko Paolo Barbato , Davide Marelli , Paolo Napoletano

A task of vital clinical importance, within Diabetes management, is the prevention of hypo/hyperglycemic events. Increasingly adopted Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) devices offer detailed, non-intrusive and real time insights into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Jakub J. Dylag

Regular physical activity is known to be beneficial to people suffering from diabetes type 2. Nevertheless, most such people are sedentary. Smartphones create new possibilities for helping people to adhere to their physical activity goals,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Irit Hochberg , Guy Feraru , Mark Kozdoba , Shie Mannor , Moshe Tennenholtz , Elad Yom-Tov

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) are commonly used by type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients to measure glucose concentrations. The proposed adaptive basal-bolus algorithm (ABBA) supports inputs from…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-20 Qingnan Sun , Marko V. Jankovic , João Budzinski , Brett Moore , Peter Diem , Christoph Stettler , Stavroula G. Mougiakakou

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) management can be significantly enhanced through the use of predictive machine learning (ML) algorithms, which can mitigate the risk of adverse events like hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia, characterized by blood glucose…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-02 Beyza Cinar , Jennifer Daniel Onwuchekwa , Maria Maleshkova

The development of closed-loop systems for glycemia control in type I diabetes relies heavily on simulated patients. Improving the performances and adaptability of these close-loops raises the risk of over-fitting the simulator. This may…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Tristan Beolet , Alice Adenis , Erik Huneker , Maxime Louis

Patients with Type I Diabetes (T1D) must take insulin injections to prevent the serious long term effects of hyperglycemia - high blood glucose (BG). Patients must also be careful not to inject too much insulin because this could induce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-01 Neil C. Borle , Edmond A. Ryan , Russell Greiner

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) affects millions worldwide, requiring continuous monitoring to prevent severe hypo- and hyperglycemic events. While continuous glucose monitoring has improved blood glucose management, deploying predictive models on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Mirko Paolo Barbato , Giorgia Rigamonti , Davide Marelli , Paolo Napoletano

Despite recent advances in insulin preparations and technology, adjusting insulin remains an ongoing challenge for the majority of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and longstanding type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we propose the…

Objective: Numerous glucose prediction algorithm have been proposed to empower type 1 diabetes (T1D) management. Most of these algorithms only account for input such as glucose, insulin and carbohydrate, which limits their performance.…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-20 Chengyuan Liu , Josep Vehi , Nick Oliver , Pantelis Georgiou , Pau Herrero

Blood glucose (BG) management is crucial for type-1 diabetes patients resulting in the necessity of reliable artificial pancreas or insulin infusion systems. In recent years, deep learning techniques have been utilized for a more accurate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Md Fazle Rabby , Yazhou Tu , Md Imran Hossen , Insup Le , Anthony S Maida , Xiali Hei

In this paper, models of the blood glucose (BG) dynamics in people with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in response to moderate intensity aerobic activity are derived from physiology-based first principles and system identification experiments. We…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-18 Mehrad Jaloli , Marzia Cescon

Modern treatments for Type 1 diabetes (T1D) use devices known as artificial pancreata (APs), which combine an insulin pump with a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) operating in a closed-loop manner to control blood glucose levels. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Matthew O'Kelly , Aman Sinha , Justin Norden , Hongseok Namkoong

In the UK, approximately 400,000 people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) rely on insulin delivery due to insufficient pancreatic insulin production. Managing blood glucose (BG) levels is crucial, with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) playing a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Chengzhe Piao , Ken Li

In the U.S., over a third of adults are pre-diabetic, with 80\% unaware of their status. This underlines the need for better glucose monitoring to prevent type 2 diabetes and related heart diseases. Existing wearable glucose monitors are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-26 Yidong Zhu , Nadia B Aimandi , Mohammad Arif Ul Alam