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The model of population protocols refers to a large collection of simple indistinguishable entities, frequently called {\em agents}. The agents communicate and perform computation through pairwise interactions. We study fast and space…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Leszek Gąsieniec , Grzegorz Stachowiak , Przemysław Uznański

We study exact majority consensus in the population protocol model. In this model, the system is described by a graph $G = (V,E)$ with $n$ nodes, and in each time step, a scheduler samples uniformly at random a pair of adjacent nodes to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Joel Rybicki , Jakob Solnerzik , Olivier Stietel , Robin Vacus

Population protocols form a well-established model of computation of passively mobile anonymous agents with constant-size memory. It is well known that population protocols compute Presburger-definable predicates, such as absolute majority…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Michael Blondin , François Ladouceur

We consider a population of $n$ agents which communicate with each other in a decentralized manner, through random pairwise interactions. One or more agents in the population may act as authoritative sources of information, and the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-11-30 Bartlomiej Dudek , Adrian Kosowski

The population protocol model introduced by Angluin et al. in 2006 offers a theoretical framework for designing and analyzing distributed algorithms among limited-resource mobile agents. While the original population protocol model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Talley Amir , James Aspnes

The population protocol model is a computational model for passive mobile agents. We address the leader election problem, which determines a unique leader on arbitrary communication graphs starting from any configuration. Unfortunately,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Haruki Kanaya , Ryota Eguchi , Taisho Sasada , Michiko Inoue

Population protocols have been introduced as a model of sensor networks consisting of very limited mobile agents with no control over their own movement: A collection of anonymous agents, modeled by finite automata, interact in pairs…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2009-06-18 Olivier Bournez , Jérémie Chalopin , Johanne Cohen , Xavier Koegler

Many of society's most pressing challenges, from pandemic response to supply chain disruptions to climate adaptation, emerge from the collective behavior of millions of autonomous agents making decisions over time. Large Population Models…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ayush Chopra

Extending well-structured transition systems to incorporate a probabilistic scheduling rule, we define a new class of stochastic well-structured transition systems that includes population protocols, chemical reaction networks, and many…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-25 James Aspnes

Population protocols are a well established model of distributed computation by mobile finite-state agents with very limited storage. A classical result establishes that population protocols compute exactly predicates definable in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-03-08 Michael Blondin , Javier Esparza , Stefan Jaax

Population protocols are a model of distributed computation in which finite-state agents interact randomly in pairs. A protocol decides for any initial configuration whether it satisfies a fixed property, specified as a predicate on the set…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Philipp Czerner

A population protocol *stably elects a leader* if, for all $n$, starting from an initial configuration with $n$ agents each in an identical state, with probability 1 it reaches a configuration $\mathbf{y}$ that is correct (exactly one agent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-08-23 David Doty , David Soloveichik

In this thesis we present a mathematical model describing the population dynamics of molecules in an artificial chemistry where large molecules can be produced by successive ligation of pairs of smaller molecules. The chemistry contains a…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2013-04-03 Varun Giri

There exists a wide variety of works on the dynamics of large populations ranging from simple heuristic modeling to those based on advanced computer supported methods. Their interconnections, however, remain mostly vague, which…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-04-27 Yuri Kozitsky , Krzysztof Pilorz

The paper is devoted to the approximate consensus problem for networks of nonlinear agents with switching topology, noisy and delayed measurements. In contrast to the existing stochastic approximation-based control algorithms (protocols), a…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2013-06-17 Natalia Amelina , Alexander Fradkov , Yuming Jiang , Dimitrios J. Vergados

The recent proliferation of research into transformer based natural language processing has led to a number of studies which attempt to detect the presence of human-like cognitive behavior in the models. We contend that, as is true of human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Jesse Roberts , Kyle Moore , Drew Wilenzick , Doug Fisher

Artificial intelligence safety research focuses on aligning individual language models with human values, yet deployed AI systems increasingly operate as interacting populations where social influence may override individual alignment. Here…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-05-12 Giordano De Marzo , Alessandro Bellina , Claudio Castellano , Viola Priesemann , David Garcia

This paper studies what can be computed by using probabilistic local interactions with agents with a very restricted power in polylogarithmic parallel time. It is known that if agents are only finite state (corresponding to the Population…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Rabie Mikaël

The Curie-Weiss model, originally used to study phase transitions in statistical mechanics, has been adapted to model phenomena in social sciences where many agents interact with each other. Reconstructing the probability measure of a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-24 Miguel Ballesteros , Ivan Naumkin , Gabor Toth

We study the Consensus problem among $n$ agents, defined as follows. Initially, each agent holds one of two possible opinions. The goal is to reach a consensus configuration in which every agent shares the same opinion. To this end, agents…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Petra Berenbrink , Amin Coja-Oghlan , Oliver Gebhard , Max Hahn-Klimroth , Dominik Kaaser , Malin Rau