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The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has instigated unprecedented changes in many countries around the globe, putting a significant burden on the health sectors, affecting the macro economic conditions, and altering social interactions…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-07-23 Dmitry Gordeev , Philipp Singer , Marios Michailidis , Mathias Müller , SriSatish Ambati

COVID-19 is highly transmissible and containing outbreaks requires a rapid and effective response. Because infection may be spread by people who are pre-symptomatic or asymptomatic, substantial undetected transmission is likely to occur…

The global spread of pandemics is facilitated by the mobility of populations, transforming localized infections into widespread phenomena. To contain it, timely identification of influential regions that accelerate this process is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-15 Sudeepini Darapu , Subrata Ghosh , Dibakar Ghosh , Chittaranjan Hens , Santosh Nannuru

We study a recent class of models which uses graph neural networks (GNNs) to improve forecasting in multivariate time series. The core assumption behind these models is that there is a latent graph between the time series (nodes) that…

During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, mathematical models of epidemic spreading have emerged as powerful tools to produce valuable predictions of the evolution of the pandemic, helping public health authorities decide which intervention…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-11-18 Lorenzo Zino , Ming Cao

Infectious diseases are a significant threat to human society which was over sighted before the incidence of COVID-19, although according to the report of the World Health Organisation (WHO) about 4.2 million people die annually due to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-02-05 Md Shahzamal , Saeed Khan

The novel corona-virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a major outbreak in more than 200 countries around the world, leading to a severe impact on the health and life of many people globally. As of Aug 25th of 2020, more than 20…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-14 Shakib Yazdani , Shervin Minaee , Rahele Kafieh , Narges Saeedizadeh , Milan Sonka

The widely spread CoronaVirus Disease (COVID)-19 is one of the worst infectious disease outbreaks in history and has become an emergency of primary international concern. As the pandemic evolves, academic communities have been actively…

Classical compartmental models in epidemiology often assume a homogeneous population for simplicity, which neglects the inherent heterogeneity among individuals. This assumption frequently leads to inaccurate predictions when applied to…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-09 Ning Jiang , Weiqi Chu , Yao Li

Over the past two decades there has been a number of global outbreaks of viral diseases. This has accelerated the efforts to model and forecast the disease spreading, in order to find ways to confine the spreading regionally and between…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-07-22 Rafael A. Barrio , Kimmo K. Kaski , Gudmundur G. Haraldsson , Thor Aspelund , Tzipe Govezensky

During the COVID-19 crisis, mechanistic models have guided evidence-based decision making. However, time-critical decisions in a dynamical environment limit the time available to gather supporting evidence. We address this bottleneck by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Agatha Schmidt , Henrik Zunker , Alexander Heinlein , Martin J. Kühn

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved impressive performance in graph-related tasks. However, they suffer from poor generalization on out-of-distribution (OOD) data, as they tend to learn spurious correlations. Such correlations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-26 Bowen Lu , Liangqiang Yang , Teng Li

The COVID-19 pandemic is considered as the most alarming global health calamity of this century. COVID-19 has been confirmed to be mutated from coronavirus family. As stated by the records of The World Health Organization (WHO at April 18…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Subhrangshu Adhikary , Sonam Chaturvedi , Sudhir Kumar Chaturvedi , Saikat Banerjee

In this work, we contribute the first visual open-source empirical study on human behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to investigate how compliant a general population is to mask-wearing-related public-health policy.…

General Economics · Economics 2023-11-23 Yuxi Heluo , Kexin Wang , Charles W. Robson

This paper extends the canonical model of epidemiology, SIRD model, to allow for time varying parameters for real-time measurement of the stance of the COVID-19 pandemic. Time variation in model parameters is captured using the generalized…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-11 Cem Cakmakli , Yasin Simsek

The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a major outbreak in more than 150 countries around the world, having a severe impact on the health and life of many people globally. One of the crucial step in fighting COVID-19 is the ability to detect the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Shervin Minaee , Rahele Kafieh , Milan Sonka , Shakib Yazdani , Ghazaleh Jamalipour Soufi

Some of the key questions of interest during the COVID-19 pandemic (and all outbreaks) include: where did the disease start, how is it spreading, who is at risk, and how to control the spread. There are a large number of complex factors…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-09-22 Aniruddha Adiga , Jiangzhuo Chen , Madhav Marathe , Henning Mortveit , Srinivasan Venkatramanan , Anil Vullikanti

Recent infectious disease outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Zika epidemic in Brazil, have demonstrated both the importance and difficulty of accurately forecasting novel infectious diseases. When new diseases first emerge, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Kirstin Roster , Colm Connaughton , Francisco A. Rodrigues

The COVID-19 pandemic has, worldwide and up to December 2020, caused over 1.7 million deaths, and put the world's most advanced healthcare systems under heavy stress. In many countries, drastic restrictive measures adopted by political…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-18 Giovanni Soldi , Nicola Forti , Domenico Gaglione , Paolo Braca , Leonardo M. Millefiori , Stefano Marano , Peter Willett , Krishna Pattipati

COVID-19 pandemic has an unprecedented impact all over the world since early 2020. During this public health crisis, reliable forecasting of the disease becomes critical for resource allocation and administrative planning. The results from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Xiaoyong Jin , Yu-Xiang Wang , Xifeng Yan