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We develop a numerical approach for computing the additive, multiplicative and compressive convolution operations from free probability theory. We utilize the regularity properties of free convolution to identify (pairs of) `admissible'…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-07-22 Sheehan Olver , Raj Rao Nadakuditi

We consider the zeros of the sum of independent random polynomials as their degrees tend to infinity. Namely, let $p$ and $q$ be two independent random polynomials of degree $n$, whose roots are chosen independently from the probability…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-10-12 Sean O'Rourke , Tulasi Ram Reddy

The concept of freeness was introduced by Voiculescu in the context of operator algebras. Later it was observed that it is also relevant for large random matrices. We will show how the combination of various free probability results with a…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2014-04-15 Roland Speicher

Given a sequence of real rooted polynomials $\{p_n\}_{n\geq 1}$ with a fixed asymptotic root distribution, we study the asymptotic root distribution of the repeated polar derivatives of this sequence. This limiting distribution can be seen…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-27 Daniel Perales , Zhiyuan Yang

Let $\mu$ be a probability measure on $\mathbb C$, and let $P_n$ be the random polynomial whose zeros are sampled independently from $\mu$. We study the asymptotic distribution of zeros of high-order derivatives of $P_n$. We show that, for…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Jürgen Angst , Oanh Nguyen , Guillaume Poly

We establish a link between free probability theory and Witt vectors, via the theory of formal groups. We derive an exponential isomorphism which expresses Voiculescu's free multiplicative convolution $\boxtimes$ as a function of the free…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2019-12-06 Roland Friedrich , John McKay

We investigate commutators of free variables of the form \( i[x, s] \), where \( s \) is a semicircular element. We show that although \( s \) and \( i[x, s] \) are not free, their sum nevertheless satisfies the free additive convolution…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Mihai Popa , Kamil Szpojankowski

Let $\Rx$ denote the ring of polynomials in $g$ freely non-commuting variables $x=(x_1,...,x_g)$. There is a natural involution * on $\Rx$ determined by $x_j^*=x_j$ and $(pq)^*=q^* p^*$ and a free polynomial $p\in\Rx$ is symmetric if it is…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2012-08-20 Sriram Balasubramanian , Scott McCullough

We introduce and study the notion of k-divisible elements in a non-commutative probability space. A k-divisible element is a (non-commutative) random variable whose n-th moment vanishes whenever n is not a multiple of k. First, we consider…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-03-22 Octavio Arizmendi

For each $\alpha \in (0, 1)$, we construct a bounded monotone deterministic sequence $(c_k)_{k \geq 0}$ of real numbers so that the number of real roots of the random polynomial $f_n(z) = \sum_{k=0}^n c_k \varepsilon_k z^k$ is $n^{\alpha +…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-04-08 Marcus Michelen , Sean O'Rourke

D. Voiculescu [2] proved that a standard family of independent random unitary k by k matrices and a constant k by k unitary matrix is asymtotically free as k goes to infinity. This result was a key ingredient in Voiculescu's proof [3] that…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2008-02-05 Don Hadwin , Weihua Li , Junhao Shen

A recent conjecture by C. Carlet on the sum-freedom of the binary multiplicative inverse function can be stated as follows: For each pair of positive integers $(n,k)$ with $3\le k\le n-3$, there is a $k$-dimensional $\Bbb F_2$-subspace $E$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-01 Xiang-dong Hou , Shujun Zhao

We prove that the free additive convolution of two Borel probability measures supported on the real line can have a component that is singular continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure on the real line only if one of the two measures…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-08-23 Serban Teodor Belinschi

We investigate the density of square-free values of polynomials with large coefficients over the rational function field $\mathbb{F}_q[t]$. Some interesting questions answered as special cases of our results include the density of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-26 Dan Carmon , Alexei Entin

Given a probability measure $\mu$ on the real line, there exists a semigroup $\mu_t$ with real parameter $t>1$ which interpolates the discrete semigroup of measures $\mu_n$ obtained by iterating its free convolution. It was shown in…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2015-03-19 Ping Zhong

It is shown that the free multiplicative convolution of two nondegenerate probability measures on the unit circle has no continuous singular part relative to arclength measure. Analogous results have long been known for free additive…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2023-05-24 Serban T. Belinschi , Hari Bercovici , Ching-Wei Ho

This work proposes algorithms for computing additive and multiplicative free convolutions of two given measures. We consider measures with compact support whose free convolution results in a measure with a density function that exhibits a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-04 Alice Cortinovis , Lexing Ying

For a monic polynomial $Q_n$ of degree $n$, let $Q_{n, k}$ be its $k$-th derivative normalized to be monic. Under the only assumption that the sequence $\{Q_n\}$ has a weak* limiting zero distribution (an empirical distribution of zeros)…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Andrei Martinez-Finkelshtein , Evgenii A. Rakhmanov

Let $\mu$ denote a Borel probability measure and let $\{ \mu_{t} \}_{t\geq 1}$ denote the free additive convolution semigroup of Nica and Speicher. We show that the support of these measures varies continuously in the Hausdorff metric for…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2016-08-01 John D. Williams

Finite free convolutions, $\boxplus_d$ and $\boxtimes_d$, are binary operations on polynomials of degree $d$ that are central to finite free probability, a developing field at the intersection of free probability and the geometry of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-22 Katsunori Fujie