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Gravitational Waves (GWs) provide a unique way to explore our Universe. The ongoing ground-based detectors, e.g., LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA, and the upcoming next-generation detectors, e.g., Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope, as well as…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-02 Zhenwei Li , Xuefei Chen

The nano-Hertz gravitational wave background (GWB) is a key probe of supermassive black hole (SMBH) formation and evolution, if the background arises predominantly from binary SMBHs. The amplitude of the GWB, which is typically quantified…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-06-02 Jean J. Somalwar , Vikram Ravi

We investigate the effects of gravitational waves (GWs) from a simulated population of binary super-massive black holes (SMBHs) on pulsar timing array datasets. We construct a distribution describing the binary SMBH population from an…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 V. Ravi , J. S. B. Wyithe , G. Hobbs , R. M. Shannon , R. N. Manchester , D. R. B. Yardley , M. J. Keith

Analysis of pulsar timing data have provided evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave background in the nHz frequency band. The most plausible source of such a background is the superposition of signals from millions of supermassive…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-05 Bence Bécsy , Neil J. Cornish , Patrick M. Meyers , Luke Zoltan Kelley , Gabriella Agazie , Akash Anumarlapudi , Anne M. Archibald , Zaven Arzoumanian , Paul T. Baker , Laura Blecha , Adam Brazier , Paul R. Brook , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , J. Andrew Casey-Clyde , Maria Charisi , Shami Chatterjee , Katerina Chatziioannou , Tyler Cohen , James M. Cordes , Fronefield Crawford , H. Thankful Cromartie , Kathryn Crowter , Megan E. DeCesar , Paul B. Demorest , Timothy Dolch , Elizabeth C. Ferrara , William Fiore , Emmanuel Fonseca , Gabriel E. Freedman , Nate Garver-Daniels , Peter A. Gentile , Joseph Glaser , Deborah C. Good , Kayhan Gültekin , Jeffrey S. Hazboun , Sophie Hourihane , Ross J. Jennings , Aaron D. Johnson , Megan L. Jones , Andrew R. Kaiser , David L. Kaplan , Matthew Kerr , Joey S. Key , Nima Laal , Michael T. Lam , William G. Lamb , T. Joseph W. Lazio , Natalia Lewandowska , Tyson B. Littenberg , Tingting Liu , Duncan R. Lorimer , Jing Luo , Ryan S. Lynch , Chung-Pei Ma , Dustin R. Madison , Alexander McEwen , James W. McKee , Maura A. McLaughlin , Natasha McMann , Bradley W. Meyers , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Andrea Mitridate , Cherry Ng , David J. Nice , Stella Koch Ocker , Ken D. Olum , Timothy T. Pennucci , Benetge B. P. Perera , Nihan S. Pol , Henri A. Radovan , Scott M. Ransom , Paul S. Ray , Joseph D. Romano , Shashwat C. Sardesai , Ann Schmiedekamp , Carl Schmiedekamp , Kai Schmitz , Brent J. Shapiro-Albert , Xavier Siemens , Joseph Simon , Magdalena S. Siwek , Sophia V. Sosa Fiscella , Ingrid H. Stairs , Daniel R. Stinebring , Kevin Stovall , Abhimanyu Susobhanan , Joseph K. Swiggum , Stephen R. Taylor , Jacob E. Turner , Caner Unal , Michele Vallisneri , Rutger van Haasteren , Sarah J. Vigeland , Haley M. Wahl , Caitlin A. Witt , Olivia Young

With strong evidence of a common-spectrum stochastic process in the most recent datasets from the NANOGrav Collaboration, the European Pulsar Timing Array (PTA), Parkes PTA, and the International PTA, it is crucial to assess the effects of…

One of the primary targets of third-generation (3G) ground-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors is detecting the stochastic GW background (SGWB) from early universe processes. The astrophysical foreground from compact binary mergers will…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-12 Zhen Pan , Huan Yang

Compact binary coalescences, such as binary neutron stars or black holes, are among the most promising candidate sources for the current and future terrestrial gravitational-wave detectors. While such sources are best searched using matched…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-03-06 Chengjian Wu , Vuk Mandic , Tania Regimbau

Early matter-dominated eras (EMDEs) are a natural feature arising in many models of the early universe and can generate a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) during the transition from an EMDE to the radiation-dominated universe…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-01 Nicolas Fernandez , Joshua W. Foster , Benjamin Lillard , Jessie Shelton

Stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is a promising tool to probe the very early universe where the standard model of particle physics and cosmology are connected closely. As a possible component of SGWB, gravitational waves (GW)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-02 Haowen Zhong , Biping Gong , Taotao Qiu

We investigate the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) generated by primordial black holes (PBHs) in the dense cores of dwarf galaxies (DGs), considering both hierarchical binary black hole (BBH) mergers and close hyperbolic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-02 Tadeo D. Gòmez-Aguilar , Encieh Erfani , N. M. Jimènez Cruz

A compact binary in an eccentric orbit radiates gravitational waves (GWs) at all integer harmonics of its orbital frequency. In this study, we investigate the effect of orbital eccentricity on the expected gravitational background radiation…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Motohiro Enoki , Masahiro Nagashima

Scalar-tensor gravity, exemplified by Brans-Dicke (BD) gravity, introduces additional scalar polarization modes that contribute scalar radiation alongside tensor modes. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of how gravitational wave…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-13 Ran Chen , Zhao Li , Yin-Jie Li , Yi-Ying Wang , Rui Niu , Wen Zhao , Yi-Zhong Fan

We investigate the gravitational wave (GW) signal generated by a population of double neutron-star binaries (DNS) with eccentric orbits caused by kicks during supernova collapse and binary evolution. The DNS population of a standard…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Shenghua Yu , C. Simon Jeffery

With pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) having observed a gravitational wave background (GWB) at nanohertz frequencies, the focus of the field is shifting towards determining and characterizing its origin. While the primary candidate is a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-10 Kyle A. Gersbach , Stephen R. Taylor , Bence Bécsy , Anna-Malin Lemke , Andrea Mitridate , Nihan Pol

A future detection of the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) with GW experiments is expected to open a new window on early universe cosmology and on the astrophysics of compact objects. In this paper we study SGWB anisotropies,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-22 N. Bartolo , D. Bertacca , S. Matarrese , M. Peloso , A. Ricciardone , A. Riotto , G. Tasinato

For the stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds (SGWBs) search centred at the milli-Hz band, the galactic foreground produced by white dwarf binaries (WDBs) within the Milky Way contaminates the extra-galactic signal severely. Because of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-22 Shijie Lin , Bin Hu , Xue-Hao Zhang , Yu-Xiao Liu

Finding a stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) of astrophysical or primordial origin is one of the quests of current and future gravitational-wave observatories. While detector networks such as LIGO-Virgo-Kagra or pulsar timing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-04 Quentin Baghi , Nikolaos Karnesis , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Marc Besançon , Henri Inchauspé

The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) by ground-based laser interferometer GW observatories (LIGO/Virgo) reveals a population of stellar binary black holes (sBBHs) with (total) masses up to $\sim 150M_\odot$, which are potential…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-01 Ju Chen , Changshuo Yan , Youjun Lu , Yuetong Zhao , Junqiang Ge

The superposition of many astrophysical gravitational wave (GW) signals below typical detection thresholds baths detectors in a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). In this work, we present a Fourier space approach to compute…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-18 Yonadav Barry Ginat , Robert Reischke , Ivan Rapoport , Vincent Desjacques

Several pulsar timing array (PTA) groups have recently claimed the detection of nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB), but the origin of this gravitational wave (GW) signal remains unclear. Nanohertz GWs generated by supermassive…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-04 Qing Yang , Xiao Guo , Zhoujian Cao , Xiaoyun Shao , Xi Yuan