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Efficient inference is critical for deploying deep learning models on edge AI devices. Low-bit quantization (e.g., 3- and 4-bit) with fixed-point arithmetic improves efficiency, while low-power memory technologies like analog nonvolatile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Anmol Biswas , Raghav Singhal , Sivakumar Elangovan , Shreyas Sabnis , Udayan Ganguly

Deep Neural Networks reached state-of-the-art performance across numerous domains, but this progress has come at the cost of increasingly large and over-parameterized models, posing serious challenges for deployment on resource-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Dario Malchiodi , Mattia Ferraretto , Marco Frasca

Substantial experiments have validated the success of Batch Normalization (BN) Layer in benefiting convergence and generalization. However, BN requires extra memory and float-point calculation. Moreover, BN would be inaccurate on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Wen Fei , Wenrui Dai , Chenglin Li , Junni Zou , Hongkai Xiong

Designing a deep neural network (DNN) with good generalization capability is a complex process especially when the weights are severely quantized. Model averaging is a promising approach for achieving the good generalization capability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Sungho Shin , Yoonho Boo , Wonyong Sung

Batch normalization (BN) is a technique to normalize activations in intermediate layers of deep neural networks. Its tendency to improve accuracy and speed up training have established BN as a favorite technique in deep learning. Yet,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Johan Bjorck , Carla Gomes , Bart Selman , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are now widely used in various computer vision applications, its huge resource demanding on parameter storage and computation makes the deployment on mobile and embedded devices difficult.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Zhe Xu , Ray C. C. Cheung

Batch normalization (BN) is a milestone technique in deep learning. It normalizes the activation using mini-batch statistics during training but the estimated population statistics during inference. This paper focuses on investigating the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Lei Huang , Yi Zhou , Tian Wang , Jie Luo , Xianglong Liu

In real-world scenarios, the number of training samples across classes usually subjects to a long-tailed distribution. The conventionally trained network may achieve unexpected inferior performance on the rare class compared to the frequent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yuxiang Bao , Guoliang Kang , Linlin Yang , Xiaoyue Duan , Bo Zhao , Baochang Zhang

Block Floating Point (BFP) can efficiently support quantization for Deep Neural Network (DNN) training by providing a wide dynamic range via a shared exponent across a group of values. In this paper, we propose a Fast First, Accurate Second…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Sai Qian Zhang , Bradley McDanel , H. T. Kung

In recent years, machine learning (ML) and neural networks (NNs) have gained widespread use and attention across various domains, particularly in transportation for achieving autonomy, including the emergence of flying taxis for urban air…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Fabien Geyer , Johannes Freitag , Tobias Schulz , Sascha Uhrig

Network quantization has rapidly become one of the most widely used methods to compress and accelerate deep neural networks. Recent efforts propose to quantize weights and activations from different layers with different precision to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Yuhang Li , Wei Wang , Haoli Bai , Ruihao Gong , Xin Dong , Fengwei Yu

Convolutional Neural Networks have dramatically improved in recent years, surpassing human accuracy on certain problems and performance exceeding that of traditional computer vision algorithms. While the compute pattern in itself is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Michaela Blott , Thomas B. Preusser , Nicholas Fraser , Giulio Gambardella , Kenneth OBrien , Yaman Umuroglu , Miriam Leeser

Quantization is a widely used compression method that effectively reduces redundancies in over-parameterized neural networks. However, existing quantization techniques for deep neural networks often lack a comprehensive error analysis due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Jinjie Zhang , Rayan Saab

The sensitivity of deep neural networks to compressed images hinders their usage in many real applications, which means classification networks may fail just after taking a screenshot and saving it as a compressed file. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Li Ma , Peixi Peng , Guangyao Chen , Yifan Zhao , Siwei Dong , Yonghong Tian

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated success for many supervised learning tasks, ranging from voice recognition, object detection, to image classification. However, their increasing complexity might yield poor generalization error…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-24 Mouloud Belbahri , Eyyüb Sari , Sajad Darabi , Vahid Partovi Nia

This paper presents incremental network quantization (INQ), a novel method, targeting to efficiently convert any pre-trained full-precision convolutional neural network (CNN) model into a low-precision version whose weights are constrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-28 Aojun Zhou , Anbang Yao , Yiwen Guo , Lin Xu , Yurong Chen

Huge computational costs brought by convolution and batch normalization (BN) have caused great challenges for the online training and corresponding applications of deep neural networks (DNNs), especially in resource-limited devices.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Yukuan Yang , Xiaowei Chi , Lei Deng , Tianyi Yan , Feng Gao , Guoqi Li

We investigate the computational complexity of neural network verification in quantised settings. We distinguish three classes of Feedforward Neural Networks (FNNs): rational FNNs with exact rational weights, quantised FNNs whose weights…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Eric Alsmann , Martin Lange , Marco Sälzer

Verifying and explaining the behavior of neural networks is becoming increasingly important, especially when they are deployed in safety-critical applications. In this paper, we study verification problems for Binarized Neural Networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Yedi Zhang , Zhe Zhao , Guangke Chen , Fu Song , Taolue Chen

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are ubiquitous in computer vision and natural language processing, but suffer from high inference cost. This problem can be addressed by quantization, which consists in converting floating point perations into a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Edouard Yvinec , Arnaud Dapogny , Kevin Bailly