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We develop a high frequency, wide bandwidth radiometer operating at room temperature, which augments the traditional technique of Johnson noise thermometry for nanoscale thermal transport studies. Employing low noise amplifiers and an…
Graphene is a material with remarkable electronic properties and exceptional thermal transport properties near room temperature, which have been well examined and understood. However at very low temperatures the thermodynamic and thermal…
We developed an absolute Johnson noise thermometer (JNT), an instrument to measure the thermodynamic temperature of a sensing resistor, with traceability to voltage, resistance and frequency quantities. The temperature is measured in energy…
We describe the design and performance of a series of fast, precise current sensing noise thermometers. The thermometers have been fabricated with a range of resistances from 1.290 $\Omega$ down to 0.2 m$\mathrm{\Omega}$. This results in…
We have embedded a small Josephson junction in a microwave resonator that allows simultaneous dc biasing and dispersive readout. Thermal fluctuations drive the junction into phase diffusion and induce a temperature-dependent shift in the…
The current noise density S of a conductor in equilibrium, the Johnson noise, is determined by its temperature T: S=4kTG with G the conductance. The sample's noise temperature Tn=S/(4kG) generalizes T for a system out of equilibrium. We…
We report on the realization of a high sensitivity RF noise measurement scheme to study small current fluctuations of mesoscopic systems at milliKelvin temperatures. The setup relies on the combination of an interferometric ampli- fication…
A tabletop low-noise differential amplifer with a bandwidth of 100 kHz is presented. Low voltage drifts of the order of 100 nV/day are reached by thermally stabilizing relevant amplifer components. The input leakage current is below 100 fA.…
Since the invention of the bolometer, its main design principles relied on efficient light absorption into a low-heat-capacity material and its exceptional thermal isolation from the environment. While the reduced thermal coupling to its…
We apply noise thermometry to characterize charge and thermoelectric transport in single InAs nanowires (NWs) at a bath temperature of 4.2 K. Shot noise measurements identify elastic diffusive transport in our NWs with negligible…
We describe the construction and operation of a two-channel noise detection system for measuring power and cross spectral densities of current fluctuations near 2 MHz in electronic devices at low temperatures. The system employs cryogenic…
Resistance thermometry provides a time-tested method for taking temperature measurements. However, fundamental limits to resistance-based approaches has produced considerable interest in developing photonic temperature sensors to leverage…
A vacuum compatible cryogenic accelerometer is presented which will reach $<0.5$ p$g$ Hz$^{-1/2}$ sensitivity from 1 mHz to 10 Hz with a maximum sensitivity of 10 f$g$ Hz$^{-1/2}$ around 10 Hz. This figure can be translated to a…
In low-dimensional systems, the combination of reduced dimensionality, strong interactions, and topology has led to a growing number of many-body quantum phenomena. Thermal transport, which is sensitive to all energy-carrying degrees of…
We introduce a microwave bolometer aimed at high-quantum-efficiency detection of wave packet energy within the framework of circuit quantum electrodynamics, the ultimate goal being single microwave photon detection. We measure the…
We present a cryogenic microwave noise source with a characteristic impedance of 50 $\Omega$, which can be installed in a coaxial line of a cryostat. The bath temperature of the noise source is continuously variable between 0.1 K and 5 K…
A transimpedance amplifier has been designed for scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The amplifier features low noise (limited by the Johnson noise of the 1 G{\Omega} feedback resistor at low input current and low frequencies), sufficient…
Noisy voltage sources can be a limiting factor for fundamental physics experiments as well as for device applications in quantum information, mesoscopic circuits, magnetometry, and other fields. The best commercial DC voltage sources can be…
Thermal voltage noise measurements are performed in order to determine the electron temperature in nanopatterned channels of a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure at bath temperatures of 4.2 and 1.4 K. Two narrow two-dimensional (2D) heating…
The unit of thermodynamic temperature, the kelvin, will be redefined in 2018 by fixing the value of the Boltzmann constant, k. The present CODATA recommended value of k is determined predominantly by acoustic gas-thermometry results. To…